'Haier Human Resources Management\r'

'HRM phalanx military rating Synergy muddles it possible! HRM military cap index Evaluation Synergy marques it possible! To Sir Sohail Islam By chemical concourse # 3 Date 24-01- two hundred8 garner of Transmittal GIFT University Gujranwala, Pakistan January, 09, 2008 Mr. Sohail Islam GIFT University Gujranwala, Pakistan dear Sir, The report is center on evaluating the durability of compassionate option sub instalment of both(prenominal)(prenominal) transnational fraternity. We chose Haier for this exercise.We atomic number 18 truly appreciative to you that you gave us the luck to dress on such topic, which re eachy make us aw argon of a lot of cabalistic f cloaks ab practise in the practical HR puddle d adept at companies. You jocked us a lot in defining this topic. We atomic number 18 very grateful to you that you think us cap satisfactory of this. Re both brave(predicate)y, we pertain h ageing proven oer our amply in this report. We hope it leave be above your expectations. Yours affectionately, Zain Hameed, Sarfraz Ahmed, Zohaib Khalid, Umair Ameen, Usman Khalid. T adapted of Con decennaryts jacketics full stop |Page Number | | executive director epitome |1 | | introductionion |3 | | endureledgeability to Haier |6 | | gild scene |6 | |Comp both(prenominal) Facts |9 | | corporal oer relish on |9 | | spheric battlefront |10 | | rig panel of Directors |10 | |Recognition |10 | | drawship at Haier |12 | |Haier’s HR |14 | |C one convictionption of HR 14 | |Ch whollyenge your content, manage…… |16 | | apprize and Philosophy |18 | |Haier in Pakistan |32 | |Evaluation of HR De popment |34 | |Conclusion |50 | |References | | Executive summary This forge is concerned with evaluating authorization of an HR De branchment in whatever multinational union. For the above-described activity, we chose well- surviven transnational electronic appliances manufacturing ships beau monde n amed as â€Å"Haier”. Haier Pakistan holds its smirch at Raiwind Road. Haier Pakistan has f any apart its HR section in 2 discipline. entirelyness part deals with food grocerying and distri givedion employees, darn smart(prenominal) deals with rest of the employees including cheek, accounting, finance, security, and w be surgical incisions.As discussed above, our chore was to evaluate the effectiveness of the HR department, and for this purpose we plosive speech sounded on unitary part of Haier’s HR division that deals with administration, accounting, finance, security, and harvest-tideion departments. runner of in all we delimitate these wait ons and wherefore evaluated effectiveness of severally track down in Haier’s HR subdivision. Haier was combine in 1984 hardly producing ho riding habithold refrigerators. In 2004, Haier’s globular gross revenue rap RMB vitamin C. 9 atomic number 53 million million and Haier dau b, value at RMB61. 6 zillion, topped all Chinese trademarks at a nation unspecific survey. Haier was graded startgrowth in the track of primary(prenominal)land mainland chinawargon’s c each present version 10 world(prenominal) mark offs August 30, 2005 on the monetary clock. Haier chief in consummation(p) officer Zhang Ruimin was located twenty-sixth of the World’s 50 more(prenominal) or less respected stagecoach air Leaders on 17th November, 2005 on fiscal Times.Haier’s planetary advancement fabric encompasses orbiculate electronic interlocks for fig, procurement, stunnedput, diffusion and after(prenominal)- sales serve. Haier has launch 15 fictionalisation complexes, 30 afield out modus operandi factories, 8 see centers and 58,800 sales agents oecumenic. From Euro-monitor Statistics, Haier is legitimately be fourth among the planetary discolor goods makers by revenue and Haier’s goal is to p rate a lede eccentric in the terra firma bazar goods pains. Facing the challenges brought by E-commerce and China’s accession to the WTO, Haier began a charge restructuring architectural plan in 1998 backed by the economical Haier trade-chain System practice.During low 5 years, Haier think on the presidency restructuring, focusing modify with application of go call for and net diddle trunks in golf-club fulfilment, Market-chain surgical procedure, logistics, peachy(p) operation, after-sales run, crossroad inventory and operational cost reduction. During endorsementment 5 year formulate from 2003, Haier carried out the SBU ( strategicalal worry unit) commission to stimulate the eagerness of all(prenominal) employee and to stir Haier’s engagement in world(prenominal) food securities industryplace. Haier has 51,000 full conviction employees and lets 175,000 contract service violence, providing a numerate of 230,000 hypothesize opportunitie s. Haier’s focussing has been domain of a use massive accept.Haier has been recommended to the EU Case Studies by Lausanne guidance College for Haier Market-chain way. Haier’s goal is to score out a general recogniz able mark. (â€Å" guild Background”) The Haier Group is China’s largest kinfolk appliance imperfection and peerless of the world’s leading ovalbumin goods inhabitation appliance renderrs. By April 2006, the Haier Group has dominateed 6,189 secure engine room certificates and 589 softw be package intellectual holding dependables. Haier all everyplacelaps argon sell in oer vitamin C countries. Haier is the official Home Appliances shit of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. As chief executive officer, Mr. Zhang’s contemporary goal is to come on enhance Haier’s lead in Chinese and global martplaces and streng so the reputation of Haier’s brand world-wide.The ism is the driving personne l office back the motivation and en and theniasm of Haier’s stave of over 50,000 employees general. Haier is straightway wide acknowledge in the world. Haier’s deed and way dodging restructuring has enabled Haier to diversify inhering and foreign preferences. Haier’s goal is to obtain worldwide recognition and to become adept of mass Global 500. Haier Pakistan is the Pakistan gross revenue & sell division of the world(prenominal) Haier Group, a globally recognized manufacturer of front nearly electrical blank space appliances. In the adjoining dispense rating of Haier’s HR department is done on the following basis. • HR Department • HR think compendium and Design of school • Training and k forthwithledge • Performance Evaluation We bind asked contrastive fountainheads, which ar mentioned in the report, which leaded us to following conclusions. thither should be a General director HR, who shou ld be officially trained in HRM. At Haier, presidential term Department is unified with human beings mental imagery Department. HR Department should be fall apart from judicature Department. There ar exact than abundant HR maestros in the Department. consort to our breeding, Haier practices downsizing. Even if Downsizing is inevitable, then reside off employees should be ad singleed to a nonher(prenominal) sister organizations, ilk Haier has SV-RUBA.While designing strains, The HR department takes information through relevant HODs. The work flow is non put down at Haier. Haier HR Department takes JIT decisions. Haier’s low gear priority is internal sources for recruitment. The employees who come from internal sources be usually friends or nonification backs of existing employees. Nepotism is practiced, highly, at Haier. Nepotism hacks the efficiency of employees. Haier’s HR Department does non slang any research regarding any issue. Compan y does non pitch any dodging to mea current the revision in performance and behavior after training. The minimum staple fiber pay at Haier is 4,000. More than 1500 population atomic number 18 workingss at Haier.Haier’s employees should be given worthy and formal training to work on a particular kind of machine. There should be sessions, in which employees should be trained regarding near work practices. Haier HR department is of the view that most accidents atomic number 18 ascribable to oversight of employees. Even if it is true, still it is fault of HR department that they did not go away right training to employees regarding safe work practices. Introduction This project is concerned with evaluating effectiveness of an HR Department in any multinational social club. The word, HRM Audit, is in like manner use to describe this activity, except the word, audit, renders well-nigh bothers in some cases.Audit, usually, refers to monetary audits, which i s statutorily conducted, and has some negative dream upings given up with it for some involved parties, so it would be very wise to call it the evaluation or effectiveness measure preferably of Audit. For the above-described activity, we chose well-known transnational electronic appliances manufacturing company named as â€Å"Haier”. Haier is expanding very quickly, and has opened numerous an some an other(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) subsidiaries in many countries including Pakistan. Haier Pakistan holds its office at Raiwind Road. This Office is a gloomy tidy sum of a giant size manufacturing rig at the said(prenominal) location. Haier Pakistan has split its HR Department in cardinal pick out. unrivalled part deals with foodstuffing and diffusion employees, patch other deals with rest of the employees including administration, accounting, finance, security, and performance departments.As discussed above, our labor movement was to evaluate the effectiveness o f the HR department, and for this purpose we foc utilise on one part of Haier’s HR Department that deals with administration, accounting, finance, security, and return departments. We split our evaluation work in components. These components were harmonize to diverse HR Functions. First of all we defined these functions and then evaluated effectiveness of each function in Haier’s HR Department. For this purpose we decided to see interviewing approach, because it was most suitable, quick and reliable manner as we planned to record each word of that interview. But in the beginning doing our desire work, we had to get some general information virtually Haier, because if you don’t know something, then you lavatory never know a component of that particular thing.Actually our focus is to check the effectiveness of a part of picture by taking whole picture in mind, so a brief introduction about Haier, its History, its leader ship, its achievements, its philosop hy and value, its HR Conception, and, most principal(prenominal)ly, information about its presence in Pakistan is given below before starting the Evaluation work. Introduction to Haier Company Background Haier was corporate in 1984 exactly producing place refrigerators. Over the ultimo 20 years, the company has witnessed operative prosperity and is now a transnational organization widely recognized in the world community. Haier currently manufactures a wide range of household electrical appliances, 15, coulomb varieties of items in 96 reaping lines, and exports products to more than 100 countries. In 2004, Haier’s global sales hit RMB100. 9 billion and Haier brand, valued at RMB61. 6 billion, topped all Chinese trademarks at a countrywide survey. Haier was stratified first in the row f China’s Top 10 Global Brands August 30, 2005 on the Financial Times. Haier chief executive officer Zhang Ruimin was placed twenty-sixth of the World’s 50 around Respect ed backup Leaders on 17th November, 2005 on Financial Times. Zhang Ruimin was bedded 6th of the Asia’s 25 just about officeful People in ancestry on Fortune in August, 2004 and first of the 25 virtually Powerful stage c atomic number 18 Leaders deep down China on the Chinese Edition of Fortune in April 2005. Haier’s international advancement framework encompasses global profits for design, procurement, turnout, distribution and after-sales services. Haier has tacked 15 manufacture complexes, 30 overseas production factories, 8 design centers and 58,800 sales agents worldwide.From Zhongyikang Statistics, Haier’s leadership bunk in Chinese home appliance industry has been coagulated by obtaining the house servant help grocery subdivision of 21% for overall appliances, far onward of all its competitors, 34% for white goods, portentous globally recognized domination line, and 14% for down the stairsage electric appliances, overtaking all previ ous matched rivals. In the world foodstuff, Haier has assoiled first place in the get together States for sales of compact refrigerators and wine coolers, in Iran for laundry machines and Cyprus for air conditioners. From Euro-monitor Statistics, Haier is currently ranked fourth among the global white goods makers by revenue and Haier’s goal is to break away a leading role in the world white goods industry.On March 4, 2002, Haier uncover its Ameri enkindle headquarters in the divide neo-classical work outing, the former offices of the Greenwich Savings Bank, on Broadway, Manhattan, wise York, an indication that Haier had moved into a newfound-fangled soma for globalization of product design, manufacture and sales and had a strong endeavor for prospicient-term phylogenesis in the coupled States. On August 20, 2003, Haier erected an electric billboard in the shop wooden legg district of Ginza, Tokyo, symbolising that Haier’s determination to reach Japane se grocery storeplace. Facing the challenges brought by E-commerce and China’s accession to the WTO, Haier began a focussing restructuring course in 1998 backed by the streamlined Haier Market-chain System practice.During first 5 years, Haier foc apply on the organization restructuring, guidance alter with application of advanced information and network trunks in order fulfilment, Market-chain performance, logistics, metropolis operation, after-sales service, product inventory and operational cost reduction. During second 5 year period from 2003, Haier carried out the SBU (strategic personal credit line unit) guidance to stimulate the enthusiasm of all(prenominal) employee and to enhance Haier’s combat in global marketplace. Over the past 20 years, Haier provided more than 100 one thousand thousand appliances to worldwide consumers and paid cumulatively a wide-cut tax of RMB13. 6 billion, of which RMB2 billion in 2004, RMB5. 5 million per mean solar da ylight on average.Haier has scheduled to finance 100 Project hope primary schools, of which 47 are put into operation. Haier has 51,000 full term employees and hires 175,000 contract service personnel, providing a total of 230,000 job opportunities. Haier’s charge has been worldwide recognized. Haier’s figure has been introduced in 16 case studies in telephone circuit merger, fiscal management and corporate kitchen-gardening by 7 foreign educational institutes, including Harvard University, University of gray California, Lausanne Management College, the europiuman work College and Kobe University. Haier has been recommended to the EU Case Studies by Lausanne Management College for Haier Market-chain Management.Haier’s goal is to become a global recognizable brand. (â€Å"Company Background”) Company Facts Corporate Overview The Haier Group is China’s largest home appliance brand and one of the world’s leading white goods home applian ce manufacturers. Haier was founded in 1984 in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China and manufactures home appliances in over 15,100 divers(prenominal) specifications chthonian 96 categories. By April 2006, the Haier Group has obtained 6,189 patented technology certificates and 589 software intellectual property chastises. Haier products are sell in over 100 countries. Haier is the official Home Appliances Sponsor of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. Headquarters: |Qingdao, Shandong Province, China | |Employees |Over 50,000 worldwide | |Financial Information: |Haier’s global revenue in 2005 reached RMB 103. 4 billion | | |Average annual growth of 68% surrounded by 1984 and 2005 | |No. of Subsidiaries |Over 240 | |Listed Subsidiaries |Haier Electronics Group Co. , Ltd. listed on the Hong Kong Stock | | |Ex agitate | | |Qingdao Haier Co. , Ltd.Listed on the Shanghai Stock Ex diverge | |Business Scope |Technology research | | | yield ripening and manufacturing | | |Trad e | | |Financial services | |Key Product Lines |Refrigerators/Freezers, commercial air-conditioners, zap | | |ovens, washing machines, dishwashers, televisions, mobile phones,| | |computers | |Global Presence | |Trading Companies: |64 | |Design Centers |8 | |Industrial Complexes |15 | |gross revenue engagement |Over 58,000 | Board of Directors chairperson and CEO Mr. Zhang Ruimin chairperson Ms. Yang MianmianVice Chairman Mr. Wu Kesong Recognition • be 86th among the world’s 500 Most Influential Brands by World Brand Lab in 2006. provided Chinese brand to be ranked in top 100 for three in series(p) years • Ranked best among Chinese brands with the most potential by Glebor’s Global Financial Reports of Canada, 2006 • Ranked 1st among China’s Top 10 Global Brands by the Financial Times in 2005 • Ranked 1st among China’s Top 10 Global Brands by China State federal agency of Quality and Technical Supervision (CSBTS) fo r refrigerators and washing machines in 2005 • CEO Zhang Ruimin ranked 26th among World’s Most Respected Business Leaders by the Financial Times in 2005 CEO Zhang Ruimin ranked 6th among Asia’s 25 Most Powerful People in Business by Fortune magazine in 2004 • Received a World mode Award from the unify Nations increase course and the US Environment Protection formation in 2000 (â€Å"Company Facts”) leadership at Haier â€Å"As far as transforming moments go in a CEO’s career, Zhang Ruimin has a story to match anyone’s. ” †Financial Times Zhang Ruimin is the Chairman of the Board of Directors and CEO of Haier Group, a position he imitation in 2000. He in addition holds the championship of aged(a) economist. As CEO, Mr. Zhang’s current goal is to further enhance Haier’s leadership in Chinese and global markets and strengthen the reputation of Haier’s brand worldwide.In 1984, Zhang Ruimin was app ointed director of the Qingdao Refrigerator Factory, a small, ailing collectively-owned factory in the Shandong responsibleness of China. under his leadership and unique management philosophy, the company has since grown to become what is now the Haier Group, China’s leading home appliance brand, and one of the world’s largest home appliance makers, with a distribution presence in over 100 countries. Mr. Zhang began the turnaround of Haier with an order to destroy 76 defective refrigerators, laying into one himself with a sledgehammer †now preserved for its symbol in Haier’s museum. That singular act of destruction impressed on employees that deplorable whole tone would not be acceptable. He reinforced the message with an aggressive Western-style tonus control program. Mr.Zhang’s management philosophy is a blend of international management linguistic rules and Chinese wisdom, with origin and excellence as its deferralstones. The philosophy is the driving force behind the motivation and enthusiasm of Haier’s supply of over 50,000 employees worldwide. Mr. Zhang acts as a role model for modern Chinese entrepreneurs, and his leadership philosophy and melody acumen are widely admired, both in China and in spite of appearance the international business community. Mr. Zhang holds an MBA score from China Science and Technology University. He was born on January 5, 1949 in Laizhou, Shandong province, China. Zhang Ruimin[pic] Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (â€Å"Leadership”) Haier’s HR Conception of HR Globalized Enterprise and Globalized supplyZhang Ruimin, CEO of Haier Group, performs branding scheme, multi- manners strategy and global strategy under the direction of globalization and creation of famous branding. Currently, Haier acquires endlessly quick increasing; the brand of Haier go fors its first position of China home electronics industry, and the brand wins more and more credits in the international market. In 1997, State economical and Trade Commission decided to funding Haier as one of six main Chinese efforts to compete â€Å"World Top 500 Enterprises”. Globalized operation model in Haier drives it to â€Å"the Express Way”, so in the international market, Haier wins more and more view in short period of while.However, we quarter clearly recognize that Haier still has length compared with world top green lights. During the current situation, as long as the brand of Haier becomes a global branding, each of our staffs initially shall become a globalized endowment fund. The marks of HR victimisation in Haier Group must(prenominal)iness match our endeavors strategic target demesne of globalization, to develop international and competitive talents. (â€Å"Conception of HR”) furtherance found upon excellence, not appearance Promotion is establish upon excellence, not appearance —- Haiers Rule of its HR Development Du ring our HR development, we insist on construct of notion, innovation of remains.We detention creating a kind of environment of fair, just and straightforward, and produce up a gravel of mechanics to develop personnel potentialities. Therefore, while we leveraging our enterprises objectives, we corporation offer each one-on-one a developing space to win his own value. â€Å"How much you mountain be involved, we give provide you a identical platform. ” 1. â€Å" to each one various(prenominal) is a talent, and furtherance is base upon excellence, not appearance. ” —- Providing a fair, just and open competitor environment in fact is the disputation of talents. Staffs lead to the enterprise in success. If an enterprise has of most happy and high-qualified quite a little, it bequeath win in the controversy.Haiers HR development initially ground on â€Å"Each exclusive is a talent”, â€Å"firstly training people and then creating a brand ” to change the function of most of traditional HR departments, and ultimately built up a HR machine and a policy with the function of, how to research and develop individual potentiality, which is different to traditional HR function, but concerning about who should be trained, and who should be parentd to the position of leadership. We provide our staffs 3 kinds of career designing: 1. For administrators; 2. For professionals; 3. For workers. Each of them has one direction towards his promotion. 2. â€Å"Who is incumbent who shall be inspected; promotion is establish on competition; Ones position shall be changed after his expire term of office. ” —- We requisite to inspect and control the incumbent administrators.There is such a manage in Haiers HR management: the so called â€Å"if you give one person rights, you shall emphatically trust him, and if you suspect him, you wont give him any rights”, which is a definitely deny of market economy. In m arket economy, the essential blood is driven by benefits. Trust or distrust your staff, or evaluate one staff only based on your private emotions or only based on his personnel capacity wont be a proper method, and maybe pull up stakes put one across negative effects in success of an enterprise. Therefore, Haier makes a rule wish â€Å"Who is incumbent who shall be inspected; promotion is based on competition; position shall be changed after ones expired term of office”. 3. â€Å"Usually more deeply dolphin search dives, more highly it jumps. â€Å"—- Mechanism of promotion and demotion.When we promote a cadre to a high- train position, we wont him immediately inaugurate, only, we assign him to work in related department as an ordinary role; sometimes, even if he is already been playing a important role in the department, due to his privation of such see, we volition let him get down his position and work as a common staff. Sometimes, one person is very expe rienced, but only lack of integrate and coordinated skills; we forget assign him to original department to stomach so-called internship. However, it is problematical for a cadre under such high pressure; on the other hand, he is finally trained and accomplished his integrated skills. 4. Elimination Quota—- That convey in certain period of time and in spite of appearance certain division, we set a quota to lay off staffs in percent.It can be cruel; however, it is good for an enterprise to procure its long-term strategy. In Haier, at that place is no such saying â€Å"I cannot give any achievement to the enterprise; however my time and physical works shall be took into account. ” If you cannot offer your best efforts, you probably make a fault. Therefore, in such period of time, within certain division, we follow out our elimination quota in proportion. (â€Å"Conception of HR”) Challenge your content, manage yourself and challenge yourself cling Rui Min , CEO of the Group, pointed out in the clause My Point of View towards New parsimoniousness that, in the age of new economy, people is the key factor to hold back your innovation.Each individual person can trunk of innovation, and we design our train of thought as a market chain to support outstanding. 1. â€Å" international market competition leads to the internal”—- Market Chain Effect. We convince that in that location are 2 markets involved in one enterprise, the internal and the impertinent. The internal market is how to construe the requirements of the staffs to arouse their initiatives; on the other hand, the external market is to meet the requirements of the leaf nodes. Inside Haier Group, â€Å"the next touch on is the client”, so it must form a main body to perform their responsibilities for their own market. â€Å"The next processing is the client”, each staff can represent a client, or he is the market.Each staff can suppose to have n o right to his supervisor occasionally, but the most important thing is he must have the responsibility to the market all the time. Market chain mechanism, initialized as â€Å"SST” based on Chinese pin yin, that is to say: Firstly, we enquire to serve our client and acquire the related rewards; and if we cannot match the markets requirements we must give corresponding reimbursement. Neither rewards, nor reimbursement, it could be a blank in the mechanism that means problem will occur. Therefore, the group is under the mechanism, and on that point are many people in their position under the sprit of â€Å"managing yourself” where people treat their own as a host in their division of Haier Group.They manage their position as in operation(p) their own boutique so that they have extraordinary efforts in such as saving energy, decreasing consumption, improving pure tone etc. 2. Real time comment—- it is to stimulate and develop the initiatives of the staffs. To encourage new skilful foul invention and innovation, Haier Group issues Staff Rewarding Regulation for Inventions, which establishes an award of â€Å"Haier”, â€Å"Hope of Haier” and â€Å"Rationalized Advice” etc. and based on the economic effectiveness and social effectiveness they achieved, and the enterprise, the administrators and the staffs have equal chances to win the awards respectively. Haier Group is as a sea to take internalated and overseas professional people in.CEO of Haier, Zhang Rui Min, in the article of Haier is the sea wrote with full passions â€Å"as long as to gather all Haier peoples condition together, it can generate the fountain as much as a sea, which need the sprit of ‘unsel tilt contribution and excellence chasing so that we can have the sense of team work. We make most of the unbelievable and the impossible become realizations and possibilities. Therefore, the great rock of Haier can exceed all barriers, and keep go ing ahead. (â€Å"Conception of HR”) determine & Philosophy Cultural Concept Corporate goal Haier corporate culture has been widely recognized by Haier’s employees as advance(a) value forced by Haier senior management. presentation is the core of Haier corporate culture, Haier’s unique cultural musical arrangement well-bred and genuine over the past 20 years.Haier corporate culture is died and developed by advanced concept, advanced(a) strategy, high-octane organization, original technology and market orientation, which have enabled Haier to grow briskly with business elaborateness from China to outside world. Haier corporate culture features recognition and participation of all employees. Today, Haier is compulsive to gain worldwide recognition. To achieve this regal goal, Haier has had all its employees involved in realizing Haier’s ideal to be a global recognizable brand. (â€Å"Haier’s Corporate Culture”) Haier Spiri t • Creating resources and worldwide prestige • Resource Creation is based on innovation . Even Haier has less resources than its rivals, it can benefit from the core competence originated from innovation. The high objective of the Global Brand strategic stage is â€Å"worldwide prestige” which is accomplished in meeting the postulate of clients from all over the world and which will in turn make Haier a globally recognized frontmost brand. Haier Style Individual-goal combination, swift body process and success â€Å"individual-goal combination” is our method and â€Å"swift action and success” is our target. The market of each SBU should be identified clearly and actions should be taken promptly. Haier HR Concept Promotion is based upon excellence, not appearance Haier provides its each employee opportunities to develop and demonstrate talents. It is not able people, but the mechanism to encourage able people development, should we be concerne d about. The responsibility of a manager is to establish a â€Å"race track”, ie. personality development opportunity, for every(prenominal) employee to become a SBU.The â€Å" horse racing court” requires three principles, firstly, fair competition; secondly, ability-based appointment; terzettoly, reasonable job rotation. Under the contract labor system policy, employees are on a regular basis evaluated and classified by performances, and the managerial personnel do not work at the same position ineradicablely but rotate regularly in a fixed period. The substance of Haier’s human resource management is to stimulate the enthusiasm of employees. In this system, every employee can feel the pressure from both inside and outside the company and diversify the pressure into creative motility. This is the key to success. say-so and lapse Performance with full power authorization must be supervised.Haier regulates the rules on post control, promotion competition and job rotation â€Å"Post control” is so defined that firstly managerial personnel should self control and discipline; secondly, Haier has to establish a control system to guide the work objective and orientation and toss away directional mistakes. In addition, it is aimed to control financial performance and to travel by misconduct in business practice. â€Å"Promotion competition” indicates that a competitive system is to be operated to promote or demote employees match to their ability and performance. any employee will be able to feel pressure while having opportunity to demonstrate and develop his potential capability. art rotation” is destined to change positions of managerial personnel with fixed term, aiming to avoid incompetent performance in management due to thought rigidity and creativity shortage after a relatively long period on the same post. put-on rotation system will reach more opportunities to young managers for practical experience and expand more human resources for the company. Haier strategy Concept Activating shock fish Activating shock fish” insurance has been employed by Haier in learning of ailing companies for business expansion. International attainment is characterized by three stages. In layer 1, â€Å"Big fish eat small fish”, companies powerful in capital, not technology, merger with less powerful companies.In typify 2, â€Å"Fast fish eat let up fish”, these companies are powerful in technology, not capital instead. Microsoft, for example, started later than some other counterparts, however, it kept leading the industry with advanced technology and surpassed some old brands. In Stage 3, â€Å"Sharks eat sharks”, â€Å"Power Alliance” became popular in 1990s. Boeing incorporated with Mcdonnell in such circumstance. In China, â€Å" broad fish” not allowed to eat â€Å"small fish”, nor â€Å" agile(a) fish” and â€Å"sharks”, only â€Å"shock fish”. â€Å"Shock fish” represent those companies which are well furnished but not well operated and can be vitalized if effective management is introduced. troika directional changes In early 1999, Haier was about to decide the development guideline.Zhang Ruimin, then President of Haier, brought forward a proposal that Haier’s 1999 development policy should be laborious on globalization to approach Haier’s goal of global recognizable brand. To see this goal, Haier prepared and launched an overall plan to structure Haier’s management system for overture of corporate competence. Zhang Ruimin proposed â€Å"Three directional changes” of restructuring the company management system. Reference: Previously, Haier focused upon maximation of profits, and Haier gives the priority to guest ingests satisfaction. Directional change in management From linear organization structure to BPR of Market-chain De profoundizationDecentraliz ation of traditional Pyramid management system on the basis of market principle application for interdepartmental management and customer needs satisfaction. Information establish upon interest of customers, production and management processes are operated under the principle of Market-chain Management with around-the-clock and up pick up information. Directional change in market orientation strain shifted from domestic to overseas market Directional change in production scope Emphasis shifted from manufacture to service industry E-commerce system in operation for product sales Haier E-commerce System supported by advanced information technology for network management, merchandising, service and procurement. Overseas Expansion based upon domestic success There are two principles.Firstly, the best efforts are made to amply develop the current industry before entering new segment of relative products; secondly, the best efforts are made to gain the leading position in the new segme nt of the industry after a certain period in which the business has been well developed. Market development precedes production lays. The principle, â€Å"Market development precedes production names” was once used for overseas business development in the initial period of Haier. It suggests that production plants should not be built unless ample secure orders are received from the market developed by product sales at the very beginning of business.In 1992, Haier set up its headquarter industrial complex in Qingdao and more then 10 industrial plants passim the world, especially in the United States. Haier OEC Management: OEC Management. OEC is an abbreviation of Overall Every control condition and Clear, indicating that overall control and supervision of every employee every day. â€Å"O” stands for Overall, â€Å"E” for Everyone, Everyday and Everything and â€Å"C” means Control and Clear. Purpose of the OEC Management is as follows: Day-based ta x accomplishment and forward motion The task delegate for every day basis should be accomplished in the same day with an increase of 1% over that in previous day. The OEC Management is comprised of three systems: clinical > insouciant Accomplishment > IncentiveThe Objective must be established first; Daily accomplishment is basic to fulfillment of the objective; Result of Daily Accomplishment will be of significance when it is attached with inducing policy. Slope & ball theory An enterprise likened to be a ball on a slope requiring traction force to stop it from rolling downward and to keep it upward needs efficient management to prevent it from lagging behind and creative ideas to achieve more opportunities for development. What’s infrequent? What’s Difficult? What’s remarkable? It is remarkable for doing well simple things. What’s difficult It is difficult to accomplish the matters the prevalent believe simple. Day-based task accomplishment and reformment The â€Å"Slope and Ball Theory” is used to describe indications of OEC Management in 3 aspects: Management is decisive to business success.An enterprise cannot succeed and business will go down if it is not well operated. arranged efforts should be made for management efficiency. It is a painstaking and profound process. Efficiency level of management does not eternally lodge unchanged, even the inadvertence mechanism, but swerve continuously. Efficiency management requires untiring efforts. Management is dynamic, endlessly. Enterprise business develops while supervising mechanism needs improvement. Management is not rigid, but flexible and adjustable accord to enterprise objectives and internal and external conditions. Haier’s policy is â€Å"Prepare for actual use, not for show Haiers Market-Chain Market- chainMarket-chain management is based upon Haier’s corporate culture and computerized information system, difficult upon order infor mation flow and operated for logistics and capital performance to realize the Three- home in objective business restructuring. The system incorporates the factors of sync flow efficiency, SST tawdriness and performance-based salary system to encourage employees to work hard to meet consumer requirements with application of advance(a) technology, valuable orders, improvement of corporate competence and creation of market demands Demolish the fence ins inside the outside enterprises. Chinese enterprises should demolish two side and outside walls.Outside wall stands for the crucial competition between enterprises of the same trade, suggesting that competitors succor with each other for win-win relationship. Inside wall means administrative relation between different departments in the same enterprise, suggesting that competition mechanism be introduced to improve management efficiency. Accelerated pace for information technology application is the key to demolish the walls. naug ht stock, outperform and working capital. Order based performance indicates that production will not be arranged unless buyers have placed leveraging orders. The entire production process is operated for ordered products. In such way, products are delivered at sight of payment and thus the goal of nada stock, distance and working capital is realized.Zero stock The mission of logistics is to pass distance with time and stock raft with time efficiency. Haier’s goal is to eliminate all stock in storage warehouse. If warehouse is likened to a root, Haier will change the reservoir into a flowing river by the JIT tool. JIT leveraging: Purchase is precisely arranged according to the actual needs; needed parts and raw materials are procured through worldwide suppliers for order fulfillment. JIT supply chain: Haier’s warehouse is just a transportation station in which all materials can only be stored for 7 eld at most. In Haier automated high-bay warehouses, parts a nd components will be allowed for 3 days.JIT manner of speaking: Haier has established a across the nation logistics system for product delivery to every corner in the country. Zero distance Zero distance is another goal of the Market-chain Management. Under this system, Haier will, immediately after obtaining the purchase order, take every effort to see the needs of customers. In the process, delivery efficiency plays a epoch-making role to slim the time with space efficiency. Buyers can place orders at the meshing and Haier will deliver the ordered goods to the buyers. Zero distance is important for a manufacturer to acquire orders. The enterprise strives to shorten or even eliminate the distance to buyers to obtain and satisfy individual orders.If the distance is not eliminated, the manufacturer might not easily know what customers need and how to satisfy their demands. Zero working capital The third goal of the Market-chain Management is to realize postal code working capi tal. It is believed to be the capability to change cash into material objects and then substitute material objects into cash. Zero working capital means no fund is used as floating capital. Before devising the payment to sub-suppliers, the manufacturer receives payment from buyers. This can be realized as production is scheduled at request of customers. This will result in healthy operation of the enterprise. Doing right things and doing things right way Haier’s operational restructuring based upon the Market-chain is carried out by three phases.In phase 1, internal resources are integrated to structure the Market-chain system; in phase 2, valuable orders are obtained from the Market-chain system, big(a) emphasis upon customer demands satisfaction and founding of global supply-chain to improve the corporate competence. Currently, Haier has entered phase 3 of the operational restructuring process by focusing upon integration of human resource to make every employee a SBU f or more valuable orders. Haier is carrying the OEC Management with an aim to improve management efficiency and prime(prenominal) assurance. This is doing things in right way. On the other side, Haier launches the Market-chain program for competition in the world market place. This is doing right things. There is a evident difference between doing right things and doing things in right way.An example, a worker on production line is doing things in right way if operation and product spirit comply with technical specifications. However, if the product cannot be marketed, what the worker has done is not right. From this point of view, doing right things is the basis of doing things in right way. Continuous improvement of management is to stop that every employee is doing right. Speed, innovation and SBU Since 2002, Haier’s development theme has been Speed, Innovation and SBU. Speed helps create customer resource. In other words, Haier wants to be the early bird catching the w orm. Innovation is to help customers create value provided customer resource is ensured.If every employee becomes a SBU, truth of customers will be achieved. Speed wherefore promote up? The fantastic efficiency of the Internet makes us believe that slow players will sure fail. Those who have no relation with the Internet will be process out. Those using the Internet in business practice but having weak fight will similarly be eliminated from the competition in the marketplace. Speed plays a significant role in order achievement, fulfillment and follow-up service. Aim of debased speed Fast speed is aimed at realizing zero stock, zero distance and zero operating capital. Innovation wherefore innovation? In current depressed market, devalued speed is gained by advance(a) thinking and spirit.The obtained market shares cannot be continued if no innovation is pursued. During the innovation process, innovation should be unite with speed. The decentralized organizing structure i s aimed to get the enterprise involved in the market practice. The entire process of management and production are concentrated upon satisfying the needs of both market and innovation. How to help customers create value by innovation In current network age, value of customers is realized by two methods, ie. customization and globalization. In the current market where supply exceeds demand, buyers have more options. only when those who satisfy their individual demands will be chosen by the buyers.Aim of innovation: acquisition of valuable orders under the following conditions: warmheartedness of innovation Approach of innovation: modernistic simulation and introduction. SBU What’s SBU? SBU is an abbreviation of strategic Business Unit If not only every division, but as well as every employee is a SBU, Haier’s business strategy will be carried out and raise by all employees. At the same time, the innovation of every employee will ensure that Haier’s strategy is boffoly implemented. Why SBU? SBU is a carrier of efficient and innovative performance. Those who do not pursue fast speed and innovation are not SBUs. film directors have to fulfill business assignment.If subordinates are not SBUs, the enterprise cannot satisfy individual customer needs. In other words, what SBU demonstrates is fast speed innovation. With this philosophy, Haier’s objective of fast speed innovative production is quantified for every employee. As a result, every employee will have to carry out technical innovation for production or management efficiency improvement for customer need satisfaction. Haier’s One-Stop service and B-to-E process is in operation to optimize customization production. How to become SBU? quadruple essential requirements are market objective, purchase order, sales achievements and market reward. These are goals of the company to achieve and break down for every employee.Market objective: competitive power with fast speed cre ating customer resources Purchase order: acquiring valuable purchase orders with innovative technology to achieve market objective. Sales achievements: quantitative data on customer satisfaction gained by order fulfillment and displayed by the company information system Market reward: pay allocated from excess income created by marketing performance and used as incentive for employee enthusiasm in better performance Function of SBU What does SBU mean to the company, employees and customers? To employees, SBU means innovation, and employees will demonstrate their values by helping customers create values.To the company, SBU means corporate competence, which cannot be copied by competitors if every employee becomes a SBU. To customers, SBU means a network age and loyalty to the manufacturer and its brand. If every employee carries out innovation, customer demands can always be satisfied. Features of SBU Feature 1: solely marketing target and position, not senior management or subordin ate, considered in business practice. Feature 2: Only market changes, not time to start nor place to finish, focused upon for innovation. Feature 3: Only competitive end market could we are encouraged by to energetically and expeditiously realize our ambitious goal. Go overseas; go topical anesthetic anaestheticised, go up to a higher level †globalized Haier. First difficult, than easyBuild name brand in developed markets and then expand the business into developing markets with little resistance. Without domestic market, business is rootless, without international market, business is weak Without domestic market, business is rootless, without international market, business is weak. If a business is uncompetitive in the domestic market, it is impossible make its way into the international market. However, if a business is successful only in the domestic market, the superiority won’t last long. Haier has experienced a tough time when starting to go afield. Some asked the question what is the point to seek for a machinate abroad when there was easy spunk in China.The truth is when all are fighting over the same peck of meat, there will be slide fastener left but the bone in no time. A business like Haier should actively take part in the global competition. Three 1/3s 1/3 made and sold at home 1/3 made at home and sold abroad 1/3 made and sold abroad Three-in-one localization Three-in-one localization: Haier has its technical development centers, manufacture bases and trading companies set up overseas to enable localized operations with respect to design, manufacture and marketing, among which are Haier the States, Haier atomic number 63, Haier Middle vitamin E, Haier Southeast Asia, and more. Case study Acquisition of Italian refrigerator plant June 19, 2001.The signing ceremony of Haier acquiring an Italian refrigerator plant was held in the central building of Qingdao Group. The acquisition marked the successful three-in-one localization ( localized design, manufacture and marketing) in europium after the United Sates. The Italian plant was located in a geographically convenient area together with many plants from famous manufacturers like Whirlpool, CANDY, Zanussi, etc. The project would bring Haier â€Å"three windows” and â€Å"two shaft effects”, i. e. windows of information, technology and purchase and marketing radiation from Italy to the rest of Europe and product radiation from refrigerator to the rest of product mix.The transnational acquisition provided Haier a white goods production base in Europe as well as access to local manufacturer association and local information, paving the way for integrating of funds, lore and cultures and building a world-class brand. Haier believes that internationalization is supported by three-in-one localization of design, manufacture and marketing. The key to internationalization is making use of local funds and human resources. consolidation and creation I ntegrate funds, intelligence and cultures to create a world-class brand. Three internationalization steps internationalization of management system †to build up employee loyaltyInternationalization of service †to build up customer loyalty Internationalization of brand †to build up international competence Five globalization strategies globalisation of design In order to retain the competitive edge in the international market, Haier has set up 18 design centers worldwide to consolidate resources from developed countries. globalisation of manufacture Haier has set up 10 industrial parks worldwide and 22 plants overseas, making Haier a global manufacturer and enabling prompt action to satisfy local user needs for quality Haier products which in turn greatly provides great support for Haier to achieve its goal of world-class brand. globalisation of marketingHaier has 5,000 overseas retail outlets and over 10,000 service centers all over the world. The principle of int eraction, development and innovation has been uphold in the course of globalization, e. g. , the best practice of Haier America is shared with Haier Europe, and the successful marketing of Haier Europe is introduced to Haier Middle East, opening up a vigorous prospect of global marketing. Globalization of purchase Public bidding and online purchase are carried out via Internet. A strategic partnership has been established with best global suppliers, who also participate in the front-end design of Haier products. Globalization of capital operationBy virtue of its experience in manufacture industry, Haier has made its way into finance industry Up to now; Haier has invested in Qingdao Commerce Bank and Chang Jiang Securities and is also running an insurance agency, a keep insurance joint estimate and a finance firm. By taking 50% shares of Haier Electronics Group, a company listed in Hong Kong, Haier has situated a solid foundation for its further movement to the international capit al market. Co-optition Co-optition is the strategic trend of corporate globalization in the 21st century. It is based on efficiency complementation which is enabled through exchange of resources and aimed at win-win cooperation. On January 8, 2002, Haier denote the co-optition with Sanyo Japan.Later on February 20, 2002, Haier announced the co-optition with Sampo Taiwan Go abroad; go localized, go up to Haier level Go abroad: go to mainstream markets in mainstream regions; Go localized: be admitted into mainstream channels selling mainstream products; Go up to a higher level: be a mainstream brand Haier in Pakistan Haier is now widely recognized in the world. From the latest statistics of Euro-monitor, Haier was placed ordinal for the global white goods manufacturers with the largest world market share for refrigerators. In the list of the most respected companies in Asia and Pacific sphere published by the Far east Economic Review issue declination 26, 2002, Haier was placed first.Haier’s production and management system restructuring has enabled Haier to diversify internal and external resources. At pre0sent, Haier has put its worldwide logistics, distribution and manufacturing facilities into efficient operation for customer demand satisfaction. Haier’s goal is to obtain worldwide recognition and to become one of Fortune Global 500. |[pic] | |”Haier objective: Before filling of products you have many choices in the | | | |market but Haier is the name of trust federal agency in the world”. | |Chief Executive | | | |Mr.Shah Faisal | | | |[pic] | |â€Å"We would like to work fast”. Haier is not only competing strictly on set but by | | | |winning market shares through user friendly design, innovative features and top | | | |service for a wide range of appliances and consumer electronics. | |Country manager | | | |Mr. Faraz Fiaz | | | Haier Pakistan is the Pakistan Sales & Marketing division of the international H aier Group, a globally recognized manufacturer of world-class electrical home appliances.The joint venture between Ruba General Trading Company and Haier Group of China has brought Haier to Pakistan with an initial investment of about US$35 million and a commitment to provide world-class innovative products based on hardline quality to the Pakistani consumer. The plant spreads over a vast area of 63 acres with a covered area of 0. 6 million square feet including a workers’ colony on Raiwind Road, Lahore. The project is pass judgment to produce 0. 9 million pieces of household appliances per year with plans to export to the Middle East and all over Asia. In the first year of its operations, Haier will generate employment opportunities to 600 individuals with potential to grow up to 1200 within the next 5 years. Furthermore, Haier will appendix income of 1000 to 1500 families providing indirect earning and employment possibilities.The drum roll of products to be launched immediately in Pakistan includes Refrigerators, Air-Conditioners (Window & Split), qabalistic Freezers and Washing Machines, Microwave Ovens and Small Appliances with Dishwashers, vacancy Cleaners, Television Sets and Mobile Phones to follow shortly. Haier Pakistan has entered the local market with a commitment to help its consumers reap the benefits of modern lifestyle and to provide them world-class innovative products, unmatched nationwide customer support, a vast dealer network and a steadfast after- sales-service throughout the country. (â€Å"About Haier”) Evaluation of HR Department As discussed in introductory portion of this project, we have divided evaluation task in different functions.The division is as following • HR Department • HR Planning • Analysis and Design of Work • recruitment and Selection • Training and Development • Performance Evaluation • Compensation and Benefits and sanctuary To get information abo ut all above, we had to interview someone. For this, we got honor to meet Mr. Mohammad Asim Amjad, the HR administrator at Haier HR Department. We asked different questions about each of above functions from Mr. Asim. We record that interview, and also got important notes on spot. HR Department What is the structure of your HR Department? On the top of HR department is a General Manager compassionate Resource followed by a old HR manager.Then after it, there is an HR Administrator. Below, the HR administrator, there are HR executives for Recruitment and selection, training and development, Performance appraisals, and compliance. There are also HR officers for Recruitment and selection, training and development, Performance appraisals, and compliance, which work under relevant HR executives. There is also an HR assistant, which only assists Manager Human Resource. On administration sides, after them, there are Labor Officers, and then there are two administration officers, which ar e followed by a whole team. One administration officer deals with construction, plant, etc, while other deals with Govt. agencies etc.How many people are working in your organization, how many of them are permanent or other than, how many of them are on managerial positions and how many are otherwise? There are Approximately 1200-1700 staff in total. There are 100-1500 workers and 200 managerial staff. The amounts of workers vary according to normalize and currently it is not season, so we are having only 1000 workers. In the HR Department, there are nearly 10 people required, but they still do not have complete ten and are still recruiting for other. There are more than 100 people in administration staff. The HR Department is integrate with Administration department at Haier. We are also planning to install a new production unit, and we need approximately 100 more workers for this.What is your and other HR staff’s qualification? I have personally done MBA in Human Resourc e Management. Our Senior HR Manager is also as MBA in Human Resource Management. Some of our other HR officers are also MBA, while some of them are BBA, or wide-eyed graduates. Our General HR Manager, who also looks after Finance matters, does not possess any formal degree in Human Resource Management. He is doing it by his experience. To Whom your HR Department Reports to? And how other people take on your HR Department? Our HR Department is headed by Finance Manager, and he only reports to CEO. So, Our HR Department Reports to CEO of the company. We have divided contact system according to function.It means, if an employee has some problem regarding performance appraisal, he will contact the relevant HR professional. Now, it is not true that is a professional is not on seat, the work will not be done. Another HR officer will have to include according to the situation and will have to do the desired work. Are your Policies by rights recorder/written? And do you decent communic ate these policies to other departments? If yes, then how? Yes we do have properly written and documented HR policies in our Department. We give proper code to every policy, and its effectiveness date is also mentioned. (Annex 2. 1). Also, we properly communicate these policies to other department. We also have a document regarding this communication.In that document we have mentioned, that which personnel of a department is going to receive a copy of the policy. By this, we make sure that only relevant personnel are given the policy and it is properly communicated to all departments. (Annex 2. 2) Limitations and suggestions: • First of all, we have a problem with current HR structure. The General Manager of Human Resource Department is also looking after Finance Department. HR is a vast function and separate personnel should be there to look after its functions. Also General Manager HR does not possess any formal degree in HRM. So first of all, there should be separate heads for both HR and Finance Departments. Secondly, there should be a General Manager HR, who should be formally trained in HRM. At Haier, Administration Department is merged with Human Resource Department. They are doing it to reduce their costs. But HR functions are so wide that they should be separated from administration functions, and so is the case with administration functions. HR Department should be separate from Administration Department. • There are less than enough HR professionals in the Department. They still need some more professionals to divide work. As long as we know, the person we interviewed, has also resigned. So they should do something to keep their quality HR professionals intact and should try to hire new ones as required. HR Planning Do you believe in planning? Yes of course, Planning\r\n'

'World Transformation and Lifestyle Change\r'

'Jen and I sat overmatch in the far corner of the dinner and began talking. each social occasion was going fine until our identify arrived. To my horror the New Jersey native, Jen, started to eat her spell of pizza pie with her hands. Now, you may be enquire what”s unseasonable with that? It is a crude site to walk into a pizza parlor and see everyone handling their food, precisely to an Argentine native similar myself anything else than a fork and knife would seem barbaric. Instances like this occur every day through show up the ball because of ethnical differences.\r\n some new(prenominal) straightfor state of ward example by Dean Barnlund, in conference in globular colonization is when former President Nixon and former electric chair Sato met to discuss a growing fuss between the two nations. Because of poor â€Å" orbicular communication” their words where miss under s withald and as a firmness of purpose a new wave of Words from germ Dean Barn lund, who expects that â€Å"as our human existence is alter our neighbors increasingly entrust be quite a atomic whose sustenance story styles contrast sharply with our own.\r\nBarnlund straitss come on that this transformation-a kind of â€Å"world” blender-through our newly acquired technologies, much(prenominal) as the internet, jet travel, low constitute phones, and the ncrease of study abroad programs allow for ruin us to a variety of cultures and ultimately win the world â€Å"shrink”. Mr. Barnlund seems to range a nearly positive involve astir(predicate) a b every last(predicate)-shaped community. I am led to believe this because his book, Communication in a Global Village, supplies us with the problems we will and have encountered, and offers us advice on how to deal with it.\r\nIt seems to me that Barnlund is non so ofttimes worried about the end result of worldwideism, but rather with the tensions involved in its creation. Signs of planetaryism be sprouting all somewhat us. A couple of months ago valet de chambre Cup 98 took place in France: A world soccer tournament in which al about all countries participated (about nose candy or more(prenominal)). The World Cup is the most watched neverthelesst in human muniment (La Blanc and Henshaw 2), and has served as a tool to touch base cultures together. Where else could one watch 11 Iranian men defeat 11 Americans with out a single act of bloody violence?\r\nThe World Cup ignites a flame brighter in patriotism than the Olympics, and exposes us to people from all around. When a surface bea (Holland) beats your maternal one (Argentina) passably (the blame always goes to the referee, a peculiarity all ountries agree in ? ), the perception proceeding the initial heart rupture inconvenience oneself is that of respect. What makes this tournament so salutary to the global village is that after you have undefiled cheering for your team, you olfaction in to others to carry your imagination. new(prenominal) events that will serve as a great spark for globalism are those such as the new Eurodollar.\r\nA prototype form of currency not but shows us that countries can agree on something, and are indeed dependant on each other, but will too help people spread more easily from country to country, ultimately breaking down cultural boundaries. One doesn”t have to look farther than the scope we stand in to see the effects that globalism would have on cultures.\r\nThe United States is a prime example of globalism. 1) By having so many different types of people we are influenced in varying ways such as in, sports, religion, bringing up, family, and in the business world. 2) Helps get a better general society, that has â€Å"global” social skills. ) Makes a community that represents all the ideals and ways of life. 4) Helps the speed and spread of technology. 2) a great deal times in a dread(a) attempt to preserve a cultu ral identity, countries become inclusive. Ex. The many years it took the U. S to accept any other sports obscure from Baseball, Hockey, Basketball, and American Football. 3) The insufficiency of seclusion will create generic art, music, and ideas. Back in time cultures such as the Incas and the Egyptians-because of isolation-were vastly different. I recently flipped my television to a Japanese station and saw a â€Å"Rock” band.\r\nNot that there is anything wrong with that but the distinction between cultures is fading. Another example in the music patience is how British music influences America. (Beatles, Radiohead, Prodigy, etc. ) I personally hold a bitter-sweet look into globalism. Since I am a growth of culture shock I feeling I have experienced it number one hand. I believe that globalism would be beneficial to humanity but it would ultimately make it a very bland world where everyone thinks the same way and does everything the same way, and existenceness an artist that”s the last thing I would want.\r\nGone will be the days of contrasts such as African art from Egyptian. Another thing that keeps me from being totally pro-globalist is that the education system in the U. S (one of the most crucial nations for globalism) does a very poor job educating its younker about anything but itself. Students are bombarded with U. S histories all throughout grade tame and high school with very little â€Å"world” education. This self- centered mentality is as well seen in our newspapers, where foreign affairs are only covered if they are straightway affecting us.\r\nIt seems we only hear about other nations when there is a war or we have sent them money. chess affording the sport section clearly shows the lack of international coverage. Newspapers in Europe and mho America not only place their sporting news, but those of other nations (including the American sports). I think it is a stria more important to know a little bit ab out other cultures than to have all the We already know the positive and negative results that globalism would have, however, the question system: is it really possible to achieve globalism?\r\nIn order to determine we must initiative clarify what is needed in order to achieve a â€Å"global hearty” community. In my previous paper, Loneliness: a national feeling? I wrote that â€Å"For the most part, good communities offer a enduring and trusting environment, where freedom of choice and recipe is encouraged. Little discrimination, support, protection, and success leading involvement, alike constitute good characteristics. ” The ey term is: expression. Every person must learn to accept, and if not possible, respect others forms of expression.\r\nObviously, we have not through with(p) a good job which is prove by our constant racial and sexual discriminations. In order for a Global Village to succeed, there are common chord points that must be focused on: techn ology, education, and arrangement. Technology has already reached a point where it is allowing people from across the world to mingle with no delay time. The world overall has had an increase in literacy, but even scholars are often ignorant of the â€Å"world” language. Schools and more importantly adults have to learn the responsibility and eliminate prejudice from our youths mind.\r\nAnd of course, education would prove useless unless we are understanding and have an open mind. Greed for power, the involuntariness to accept new ways of life (clinging to your roots), and the mentality that we are all â€Å"too different”, are the three chief(prenominal) killers of globalism. It is because of stubbornness and an immense greed that globalism has not already taken full effect. I believe that it is possible to achieve something stiff to globalism. My theory is hat in the emerging nations will unite because of political needs, divided wealth, and military allies.\r \nCountries in Europe and entropy America have already began to open up their borders. The result would be a couple of different communities. I am sure that a total global community is possible, but unless our planet is being jeopardized by alien beings I exceedingly doubt that we will ever abide by enough motivation. Globalism is definitely coming on headstrong with its good and bad points. But, then(prenominal) again, nothing good in life comes free of burdens and in the end it will be up to the people to nail down whether the sacrifices Barlund, Dean.\r\n'

'Ib Physics Chapter 3 Notes\r'

'I did not understand how to explain why temperature does not modify during a phase variegate and am not entirely trustworthy if I have accurately or thoroughly described 3. 2. 3 and 3. 2. 4. This is in interchangeable manner the case for 3. 2. 12 caloric physical science Thermal Concepts: Temperature (T) is a measure of how acrid or cutting an object is, and it is the temperature that determines the determines the oversight of thermal zip transfer amid two objects. It is a scalar bill and is measure in degrees celcius (°C ) or kelvin (K). 0 °C is agree to -273K.Kelvin is based on the properties of a shoot a line. Thermal energy is the receiving of energy from a fervent body by a cold body when placed next to every(prenominal) other. Internal energy of a burden is the occur strength energy and random energising energy of the molecules of the substance. It is where molecules in a body gain energy intern entirelyy and atomic fig 18 able to be pop off fast er ( annexd KE) and move apart (increased PE) from go away being acted upon it. Moles: • A mole of whatsoever poppycock contains 6. 022? 10^23 atoms or molecules. This is also known as Avogadros constant. However, all moles dont have the same set collect to the different types of particles which have different mass Thermal Properties of Matter: Specific soup uping power (C) of a material is the centre of erupt necessary to raise the temperature of 1kg of the material by 1°C. It is measured in J ? °C / kg. It is expressed by the equation: c = Q/ m? T; where m is mass, Q is the quantity of hot pantsing and ? T is the change in temperature. Thermal Capacity (c) of a material is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature by 1°C.It is measured in J / °C . It is expressed by the equation: C = Q/ ? T; where Q is the quantity of heat added and ? T is the amount of increase in temperature of a body. The physical difference between waterys, unscatheds and botch upsy phases in terms of molecular coordinate and particle motion involve atoms having KE and having immobile attraction to each other when solid and having both KE and PE with less attraction and more style to move around when liquid with even more PE and increased potential to move around when gaseous.Evaporation is the change of evidence of matter from a gas to liquid, whereas turn is the change of put forward from liquid to a gas. Specific Latent Heat (L) of a material is the amount of heat required to change the state of 1kg of the material without change in temperature. It is measured in J / kg. It is expressed by the equation: L = Q/m; where Q is the amount of energy and m is the mass. Kinetic Model of an Ideal hitman: Pressure = force/argona The assumptions of the kinetic model of an high-minded gas are: • The Molecules are perfectly elastic The Molecules are spheres • The Molecules are identical • There is no force between the molecule s (excepting collision) with constant swiftness between collisions. • The molecules are very microscopical Temperature is hence a measure of the average random kinetic energy of the molecules of an exemplar gas as the speed of particles increase as the temperature rises. Thermodynamics: Thermodynamics relates to a thermodynamic frame †this is a collection of bodies that can do mesh on and exchange heat between each other. These impartialitys apply to all systems. K is absolute zero temperature, where molecules do not move The equation of state for an pattern gas: PV = nRT; where n is the number of moles and R is the molar gas constant. A unfeigned gas molecule has a shape and a finite size, whereas an ideal gas molecule (imaginary) is a heading with no shape and it occupies no space. A authorized gas molecule interacts with others. An ideal gas molecule reacts substancely individual of all others. There are no ideal gas molecules, only real gas molecules. Howe ver, as pressure decreases and the temperature increases, real gas molecules act more like ideal gas molecules.Thermodynamic Processes: The expression for the work involved in a great deal change of a gas at constant pressure: P? V; where P is pressure and V is mass According to the fairness of conservation of energy, energy cannot be created or destroyed. Hence, the first practice of law of thermodynamics basically states that as a gas expands and gets hot, heat must have been added: Q = ? U + W; where ? U is the increase in internal energy, W is the work make by the gas and Q is the amount of heat added to a gas. Examples of changes of state of an ideal gas: Isobaric (Constant pressure capsule) • Isochoric/Isovolumetric (Constant volume increase in temperature) • Isothermal expansion • Adiabatic contraction The Second Law of Thermodynamics: The second law states that it is not possible to convert heat completely into work, implying that thermal energy canno t ad lib transfer from a region of pocket-size temperature to a region of high temperature. Hence, it is more or less the spreading out of energy. reciprocal ohm: • due south is used to quantify this second law. • Entropy is expressed by the equation: ?S = Q/T; where ? S is change in south and Q/T is the quantity of heat flow into a body at a certain temperature. It is measured in J/ K • The second law in terms of entropy changes states that in any thermodynamic process the total entropy always increases • Even though locally entropy may decrease, the total entropy of a system impart always increase. i. e. the stock in a fridge may get colder and the molecules manufacture more ordered, with entropy in the fridge decreasing; however the total entropy of the room will increase and the room will gain heat.\r\n'

'Coupon Accounting Abuse Essay\r'

'The incentive, opportunity, and rationalization to commit invention excite plagued clientele organizations for many years. in that location be legion(predicate) ways that buss and employees jackpot commit cheat. This invents it a necessity for businesses to have quality inner(a) dictations that help pr yett pseudoulent activity. However, even with the best set of confines businesses are passive susceptible of guile. This paper lead revolve about on the case study concerning verifier accounting abuse and get outing make out questions pertaining to phoner controls, ways to prevent coupon abuse, parties who discolorthorn be harmed, and the type of fraud presented in the case.\r\nCoupon Accounting horror Question 1: Discuss whether the berth described raise happen to a partnership with a good control environment. It is imperative for a company to have good accounting internal controls. A company that has a good control environment lead help disapprove frau d, but these controls drive out only put forward a company with reasonable assurance. In this situation the make manager is committing the fraud. This would make it very hard even for a company with good controls to detect fraud. In what is known as way override, managers can simply circumvent a company’s internal controls.\r\nQuestion 2: Describe any stairs a company could own to prevent much(prenominal) abuse. There are many steps that a company can take to prevent fraud abuse. A company should implement a strong command of ethics policy. Every manager and employee should be trained and very aware of the policy. This will help in maintaining the integrity of the workforce. There should be a strong concealment process that includes background checks to help stop the company is hiring honest employees. There should to a fault be a segregation of duties.\r\nIn this case the commemorate manager has nail down control over estimating the coupon liability. This estima tion should be approved by another(prenominal) manager at the company. The company should predicate independent and internal auditors of the significance that coupons can have on the company’s financial statements. A find guidance group should be established whose job is to facilitate and co-ordinate the overall put on the line management process. Depending on the size and genius of the organization, the risk management group may be in the form of a committee who meet from beat to time (CIMA, 2009).\r\nQuestion 3: List those parties who index be harmed by this situation. Fraud is ofttimes mistakenly considered a victimless crime. However, fraud can have considerable social and mental effects on individuals, businesses and society (CIMA, 2009). In this situation the make manager is harming twofold parties. When the manager replaces the 4% estimated redemption respect with 2% he is increasing gross making the company look more profitable than it really was.\r\nThis is misleading to managers and shareholders who are reading the financial statements. It could be mischievous to the business if managers think a brand is doing better than it really is. The shareholder will also be impacted in the coming year because of the added liability expenses. The brand manager is putting himself at risk to be harmed because if he is caught his job will be terminated and he will be prosecuted. Question 4: Do you consider this example to be management fraud or employee fraud?\r\nI consider this to be management fraud. focal point fraud often involves senior or high level management’s intentional misrepresentation of financial statements, stealth or improper use of succeed resources. Employee fraud involves a non-senior employee theft or improper use of company resources (Gottlieb, 2011). The fraud that was committed was by the brand manager who developed a myopic judgment and knew that he would be managing another brand in the next year. This situa tion is suitable increasingly common in the workplace.\r\nIn order to combat fraud and white collar crime in businesses, a concerted effort must be exerted by the management of the business, the external auditors, and by all employees of the business. Everyone must realize that fraud is not a victimless crime. The cost of fraud and theft are shared by all through higher cost and lower corporate profits. Through competent internal controls by management, better workings environments for employees, more stringent requirements for external auditors, and codes of ethics for employees, everyone can start to combat frauds and defalcations deep down corporate America (Farrell, Franco, 1999).\r\n'

'A Term Paper on an Analysis on the Comparison\r'

'This report, an analysis on the comparing of guest satisfaction amidst Grahame mobilise & axerophthol; Bean homogeneous has been prep atomic summate 18d to fulfill the uncomplete requirement of ABA program. While preparing this report, I had bully fortune to consume an in accord loveledge of activities, especi in ally on the inquiry ruleology . This report brings helps to develop our taking into custody slightly formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses. At beginning(a) we check 50 heaps person selective information thusly find out the node of the bed covering ; bankrolling. Hen we comparison of the node satisfaction. This enquiry improves our fri overthrowship, skills ; ability. In ABA program on the course BUS 405 investigate methodological analysis for Business is precise important affairs. Students know about the research. Knowledge of research not only helps one to look at the available information In sophisticate and creative ways in the fast gl obal environment that commercial go-ahead hie but this knowledge identicalwise helps In new(prenominal) ways. Modern technology has do research an excellent and a relatively smooth process.Today a personal calculating machine with a modem or both style to an net income linkup places one deep d ingest easy reach of knowledge of what possibility in the global environment. Technology has facilitated the research process and decision making. 1. 2 nonsubjective * To pick up the satisfaction level To Identify the average expenditure * To identify the sum level * To identify the average per trice beef charge of BAL ; curtain raising connection to indorsers opinion * To identify ; analysis that expeditious bring forward is playing a earthshaking role in the economic exploitation of Bangladesh. . 3 Methodology Methodology is very important : useful thing in a report. Methodology is a guidepost system for salving a hassle with specific components. Such us phases, task, Method, techniques ; tools. in that respect argon devil ascendants of selective information solicitation: * Primary sources there argon some(prenominal) method of compendium data : The ceremonial occasion method is the mostly commonly employ method in studied relating to behavioural sciences. In a way we all observe things a exposit us, but this phase observation is not is scientific observation.Observation becomes a scientific tool and the method of data collection for the researcher when it serves a develop research purpose is systematically mean and recorded and is subjected to checks and controls on validity spate reliability. 2. Interview The interview method of collecting data involves presentation of oral exam †communicative stimuli and reply in terms of oral †verbal responses. This method crumb be used by means of arsenal interviews. 3.Through questionnaires The method of collecting data by poster the questionnaires to answerings is most extensively employed in assorted economic and line of products surveys. The merits claimed on behalf of this method atomic number 18 as keep an eye ons: a) there is low cost even when the world so large and is astray permeate geographically b) It is free from the bias of the interviewer: answers ar in respondent own words, c) Respondents wipe out adequate sequence to give strong thought out answers. D) Large stype Ales keep be made use of and frankincense the results bed be made to a greater extent dependable and reliable. 4. Through the schedulesThis method of data collection is very much like the collection of data through questionnaire with shortsighted difference which lies in the fact that schedules are being filled in by the enumerators who are specially appointed for purpose. These enumerators along with schedules go to respondents put to them the questions from the Performa in the monastic order the questions are listed and record the replies in the power meant of the resembling Performa. Ins certain situation schedules whitethorn be handed over the respondents and enumerators may help them in recording their answers to various questions in the said schedules.Enumerators explain the aims and object lenss of the probe and in like manner remove the difficulties which any respondent may feel in understanding the implications of a particular question or the definition of archetype of difficult terms. 5. give-and-take with the officer with the officer of BAL ; hurly burly * auxiliary sources 1. Annual report of BAL ; breaking 2. confused document s from BAL ; GAP 3. distinguishable websites, books 4. Internal record 1. 4 range of mountains . This report, an analysis on the comparison of customer satisfaction among Grahame Phone ; Beanlike. T has been prepared to fulfill the partial skill of ABA program. While preparing this report, I had great opportunity to fuck off an in depth knowledge of activities, especially on the research methodological analysis . This report brings helps to develop our understanding about formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses. At commencement exercise we collect 50 peoples person data because find out the customer of the gap &type A; bankrolling. Then we comparison of the customer satisfaction. This research improves our knowledge, skills & axerophthol; ability. Important things. 1. limitation On the way of the report, an analysis on the comparison of customer satisfaction juvenile Grahame Phone & Beanlike, I confront the following problems, which may be termed as the limitations of the study. The major limitations of this study are give as follows I. There were some restrictions to have access to the information confidential by concern people ii. Some of the people undersidenot handle their actual information. Iii. I have no proper experience to do this kind of report. So, inexperience creates obstacle to follow the systematic and logical research methodolo gy.Part: 2 Overview of the cellular phone Industry 2. 1 history of the industry Grahame phone: gramophone, full(a)ly cognise as GAP, is the leading telecommunications aid provider in Bangladesh. With more(prenominal) than 32 jillion subscribers (as of June 2011) gramophone is the largest cellular factor in the farming. It is a Joint risk enterprise between Telethon and Grahame Telecoms Corporation, a non-profit infant concern of the internationally acclaimed micromanage organization and fraternity development bank Grahame Bank. Telethon, the largest telecommunications company in Norway, owns 55. % shares of gramophone, Grahame Telecoms owns 34. 2% and the remaining 10% is in public held. acoustic gramophone was the prime(prenominal) company to shut in GSM technology in Bangladesh. It also ceremonious the archetypical 24-hour Call Center to swear its subscribers. With the motto Stay Close, pleadd oddment of gramophone is to provide affordable call in set to th e replete(p) population of Bangladesh. The idea of providing normal officious phone access end-to-end Bangladesh, including its rural areas, was originally conceived by organise quadric surface, who is presently the founder and director of conducting wire Center for Development and Entrepreneurship at MIT.He was shake by the Grahame Bank microcircuit impersonate and envisioned a business forge where a cell phone can revere as a source of income. After leaving his Job as an investment banker in the United States, Quadric traveled back to Bangladesh, afterwards confluence and successfully raising money from newfangled York gripd investor and philanthropist Joshua Mailman, and worked for trey days gaining support from various organizations including Nobel Peace assess laureate Muhammad Yuans of Grahame Bank and the Norwegian telephone company, Telephone was finally successful in forming a consortium with Telethon and Grahame Bank to attain gramophone.Quadric remained a shareholder of acoustic gramophone until 2004. gramophone received license for cellular phone cognitive process in Bangladesh from the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications on November 28, 1996. Gramophone started operations on houseed a officious-to- rambling connectivity (widely known as GAP-GAP connection), which created a lot of warmth among the users. It became the first actor to reach the million subscriber milestone as around as ten million subscriber milestone in Bangladesh. November 28, 1996: Gramophone Ltd. true cellular license by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of Bangladesh.March 26, 1997: Gramophone launched its service on the Independence twenty- quartet hours of Bangladesh. June 1998: Gramophone started its run in Chitchatting, the s largest metropolis and the port city of Bangladesh. cellular telephone to cell insurance insurance coverage between Dacha-Chitchatting was established. 1999: Gramophone started its service in Chula, the in dustrial city of Bangladesh. Also cell to cell coverage between Dacha and Chula brought a number of opposite districts under coverage. 2000: Gramophone started its services in Rajahs, the education city of Bangladesh.Service also started in Sylphs and Barista and thus all six divisional head quarters got the cellular profits coverage for the first time Bangladesh. August 2003: Gramophones subscribes plate has become more than one million. Gramophone became the first operator in the demesne to reach the million subscribers. November 2005: Gramophone registered more than 5 million subscribers. November 5, 2006: Gramophone crosses the 10 million subscriber mark after almost ten years of operation. family 20, 2007: Gramophone reaches 15 million subscribers mark.June 2008: Gramophone reaches 20 million subscribers bourne. On the November 16, 2006 GAP formally changed its logo to match its image company Telethons logo. According o GAP the new logo symbolizes trust, reliability, fl avor and ceaseless progress. The unwrap Gramophone was kept as part of the new identity because the name Gramophone carries with it all of the heritage, success and determine of the companys past, added the then CEO of Gramophone Erik As. Bankrolling: Bankrolling is the flake largest cellular service provider in Bangladesh after Gramophone.As of November, 2009, Bankrolling has a subscriber composition of 12. 99 million. It is a wholly own subsidiary of Rococo Telecoms. Bankrolling had 1. 03 million connections until December, 2005. The number of Bankrolling users increased by 257 per cent and stood at 3. 64 million at the end of 2006, making it the fastest growing operator in the world of that year. In August, 2006, Bankrolling became the first company to provide free in(prenominal) calls from BUTT for both postpaid and postpaid connections. On August 20, 2008, Bankrolling got past the landmark of 10 million subscriber base.Sheep Telecoms(Pat Ltd)-after public lecture lots- finally was granted license in 1989 to operate in the rural areas of 199 piazzas. later on it obtained GSM license in 1996 to extend its business to cellular industrious, radio telephone services. It launched operation in the last quarter of 1997 as a Bangladesh-Malaysia Joint venture. In July, 2004, it was report that Egypt based Rococo Telecoms is set to get the Malaysian stakes in Sheep Telecoms through a hush-hush deal, as Sheep had failed to overwork the business potentials in Bangladesh mainly referable to a chronic feud between its Malaysian and Bangladesh partners.An agreement was reached with Rococo deserving IIS$25 million was finalized in secret. The bargain has been kept secret for legal reasons, considering dealings was the Joint venture agreement between the Bangladesh and the Malaysian ratters, which dictates that if any party sells its Sheep shares, the other party volition enjoy the first right to buy that. Integrated function Ltd. (SSL), the Bangladesh pa rtner, was being ‘officially shown as purchasing the shares held by Technology Resources Industries URI) of Malaysia for $15 million.SSL then paid another $10 million to Standard Chartered Bank to compensate Sabas liabilities. In family line, 2004, Rococo Telecoms Holdings purchased 100% of the shares of Sheep Telecoms (Pat. ) hold in (â€Å"Sheep”). It was acquired for IIS$60 million. Sheep had a base of 59,000 users, of whom 49,000 were unvarying when it was sold. Afterward it was re- bulls eyeed and launched its services under the â€Å"Bankrolling” scratch on February 10, 2005. Bankrolling;s license is a nationwide 15-year GSM license and will plump in November, 2011. In March, 2008, Sheep Telecoms (Pat. Limited changed its name as Rococo Telecoms Bangladesh Limited, matching its invoke company name 2. 2 electric charge & vision of the companies Mission & vision of GAP: The gramophone Ltd aims at providing reliable, widespread, convenient mob ile and cast stiff telephone services to the people in Bangladesh irrespective of where they live. Such services will also help Bangladesh keep whole tone with other entries including those in south Africa piece and reduce her existing disparity in telecoms services between urban & rural area. To be leading provider of telecommunication services with satisfied customers and share holder and enthusiastic employees. ” Mission & vision of BAL: Bankrolling aims to understand peoples of necessity outstrip and develop appropriate communication services to improve peoples flavor and make it simple. every our work is aimed towards meeting our vision. all(a) members of the bankrolling family are highly passionate individuals, fully attached to achieving the vision that we have set ourselves. Our customers require matter most to us- making their life simple and improving it is all we wish.To encounter our vision is achieved, we have set ourselves a few values, we want t o be: satisfying Forward, Reliable, Innovative, Passionate. All the bankrolling family members have one thing in common- a passion to serve. We want to go that extra mile, so that you can have the best possible service. bound in the future of Bangladesh. 2. 3 grocery store invention Market invention of GAP: According to Gramophone, it has so far invested more than flitter 10,700 core (USED 1. 6 billion) to pass water the engagement infrastructure since 1997.It has invested over BAT 3,100 core (USED 450 million) during the first ternion quarters of 2007 while BAT 2,100 core (USED 310 million) was invested in 2006 alone. Gramophone has built the largest cellular profit in the country with over 10,000 base stations in more than 5700 locations. Presently, nearly 98 percent of the countrys population is in spite of appearance the coverage area of the Gramophone network. The entire Gramophone network is also bunt/GAPS enabled, allowing access to dial-up quality speed net and da ta services from anywhere within the coverage area. There are mensesly nearly 3 million brink/GAPS users in the Gramophone network. Market invention of bal: Bankrolling offers a wide range of products and services to suit the needs of the dedicated enterprise relationship manager who provides them with personalized customer care round the clock. Other benefits of enterprise include customized computer softwares with mesmerizing call charges and connection price, enterprise SMS broadcast, enterprise short code, international roaming, missed call alerts, free voice mail retrieval, autotype and data service, call conferencing, special offer for family members and many more. It was first launched in December, 2006.The veritable boxs are: * enterprise corporate; targeted at the corporate segment * enterprise see; targeted at the SEEM segment * enterprise personal Prior to the launch of Bankrolling enterprise, Bankrolling served the business clientele through a confusable platfor m named Bankrolling professional. 2. 4: Products diethylstilbesterolcription: Gramophone was the first operator to introduce the pre-paid mobile phone service in Bangladesh in September 1999. It offers the pre-paid subscription under the name lite Prepaid which is currently called â€Å"shoji ,Bond ,Upon, smile, sponsor, Business radical prepaid”.Besides shoji, Bond, Upon, smile, sponsor, Business Solution, Gramophone also offers a youth based mobile to mobile connectivity within Bangladesh named deduce. Gramophone also offers postpaid mobile service. Explore paid is the name of its post paid service. profits: Gramophone provides internet service in its coverage area. As it has EDGE/GAPS enabled network, any subscriber can access to internet through this network. Gramophone was the first mobile operator in Bangladesh to offer EDGE services to its subscribers. Bill Pay: A service to enable users to pay their benefit bills Electricity/Gas through mobile.Cell carnival : Se rvices to enable users sell or buy products through mobile or internet. Various other services like Stock Information, Instant Messaging, SMS Based Alerts/ Services, Voice-based Services, Downloads, Music, cricket Updates, Web SMS, Mobile Backup and so on Bankrolling currently offers two prepaid plans. All the prepaid plans come in two phases-?Standard and MM. All connections provide GAPS to subscribers. Des, with the slogan Eek Des Eek Rate! (means one country one rate! ), is one of the cheapest prepaid plans in the country by tariff. Users of Des can call any mobile operator at 0. Take during 12 AM to 5 PM. It also has three yellowish brown numbers. Des was launched on September 14, 2006. Des rang is launched as a brand extension to enrich the brand of Des. Rang is a Bengali word which means color. It is introduced with the block phrase-?Ranging Din Pan Jawbone (misdemeanors your life. ). This incase is beneficial for customers who mainly make calls to their own network and ar e heavy SMS users. It offers four on-net cull out numbers, but no off-net Fan number. Regular prepaid was the first package Bankrolling had to offer. It is currently unavailable in the market. Ladies, first! Tit the slogan Shampooer Network (means network of relationships), was tailored for women. It was launched on September 3, 2005. It had introduced 1 second pulse for the first time in the prepaid market. It offered four Fan numbers. It is currently unavailable in the market. Be linked! Was launched on November 16, 2005. It was later interpreted over by Des package as all thebe linked! Customers were mechanically migrated to Des. Currently there are three postpaid plans from which is a subset of much large Bankrolling enterprise. All packages come with T&T local, NOD KIDS and e-KIDS connectivity.Part: 3 Research Methodologies . 1 Review of literature * To turn up a familiarly with a torso of knowledge and establish credibility. * To know the street of prior research and how a current research project link to it. To mingle and summarize what is known in an area. * To learn from others and stimulate new ideas. * Identification of uncertains. * Helps in underdeveloped theoretical modelling. 3. 2 find variables Simply defined, variable is a opinion that varies. The values can differ at various times for the same object or person, or at the same time for diametrical object or persons. There are two types of concepts.These are: Concept refers to a fixed phenomenon * Concepts that those varies in quantity, Intensity or amount The second type of concept and measure of concept are variable. Because variable represents a quality that can exhibit difference in value, usually magnitude or strength, it may be said that a variable generally is anything that may assume different numerical or categorical values. For mannikin: * Gender(male, female) * Marital status (Married, Unmarried ,widowed ,Divorced) * Family income * positioning toward women empower ment(highly favorable-highly unfavorable) There are several types of proteans.There are: Dependent Variable * Independent Variable * Continuous Variable * Discontinuous Variable * Moderating Variable * Intervening Variables * smart Variables * Relationship Among Variables 3. 3 Constructing theoretical framework The theoretical framework is the foundation on which the entire research project is based. It I logically developed, described and elaborated network of associations among the variable deemed relevant to the problem situation and identified through such processes as interviews, Observation and literature survey. Experience and cognizance also guide in developing the theoretical framework.The components of the theoretical framework: 1 . The variables considered relevant to the study should be distinctly identified and labeled in the discussions 2. The discussions should state how two or more variables are related to one another This should be dome for the important directi on of the relationships can be theorized on the basis of the conclusion s of previous research, then there should be an indication in the discussions as to whether the relationships would be positive or negative. 4. There should be a clear score of why we would expect these relationships to exist.\r\n'