Carol Ann Duffy Shooting Stars free essay sample

Carol Ann Duffys poem Shooting Stars is a poem in which human suffering is effectively portrayed. Duffy uses the situation of Nazi persecution of the Jewish people to underline this. Duffys use of an ambiguous title, together with her imagery effectively explores this theme of human suffering. The poems title Shooting Stars creates a sense of ambiguity. The general connotations applied to this phrase are that of a falling star or perhaps the beauty and brightness of fireworks. However it is not until we reach the actual content of the poem that we realise that the stars in question are those Stars of David, sewn on o the garments of Jews on the order of the Nazi regime. Duffy establishes the darkness and horror of the Holocaust immediately in the first line of the poem in the phrase After I no longer speak. Here Duffy creates an incredibly strong image of silence and death when the voice has been stilled permanently. The horror is continued in the image created by they break our fingers and there is in this the onomatopoeia of the sound of snapping bones as Wedding rings are salvaged for profit. Here again the poet uses the two conflicting images of the wedding band, a symbol of eternal love and theft and profit through death in Juxtaposition. The first two lines create a vivid picture of mans inhumanity to man, the unthinking, uncaring cruelty with which one race imposes on another. As the first stanza develops Duffy uses traditional Jewish names, all unpunctuated to remove the idea of them being individuals, but a huge collective dead. Yet despite this she reveals the courage with which these woman faced death upright as statues, individuals who looked straight ahead waiting for death with calmness. The poet intensifies her images in her demand of the reader and to the wider world to Remember. This demand is repeated least the world forget for the narrator of the oem states that the World is now for ever bad. Duffys word choice within the poem effectively introduces an impersonal note. The narrative given from the point of view of one of the suffering allows the reader, however, to appreciate the scale that inhumanity can inflict and in turn the scale of this suffering. As the poem progresses Duffy personalises the horror of the holocaust. The child seen between a gap in corpses is shot, her eye. She used as a target. The narrator too whilst still alive is seen as little more than a sexual object as one soldier seeing she was alive loosened his belt. The detail in stanzas two and three appal the reader and force him or her to recoil at the bestiality that is conveyed so bluntly in the poem. She closes the third stanza again with a warning note that such cruelty still applies in the world today she states that only a matter of days separate/this from acts of torture now. The adverb now brings us to the present day and the poet asks us to consider Just how little mankind has changed, perhaps implying that humans as a species are ignorant to their transgressions and fail to learn from the past. The reference to April evening with its connotations of springtime, Easter and beauty s set against the gossiping and smoking by the graves and the deplorable image of the soldiers tormenting those already wounded, or those who escaped death by feigning the bullet shot, by using an empty chamber. The onomatopoeia of click, trick and trickled mirrors the short sharp sounds of the empty gun, the harshness and inhumanity of the trick and the final humiliation of the trickled urine, the last indignity. Perhaps this more than anything, this trick of pretending to shoot but using an empty bullet chamber, the toying with the lives of those already suffering is the most dreadful of all. The waiting for death is lengthened and so suffering is also elongated. In the closing section of the poem the poets description of the suffering of the Jews in Europe between 1933 and 1944 is made even more dreadful when Duffy reminds us that the enormity of the Holocaust has made little impact, for the human race is still intent on inflicting human suffering. In the closing stanzas of the poem Duffy once again highlights the immensity of the horror of those events by contrasting them with the civilised activities of the human being i. e. the tea on the lawn and the boy washing his uniform. And these activities apply to the reader, as they read of such events and yet return to their everyday lives, they run to our toys to the oblivion that forgetfulness brings. She uses ellipsis once more, only this time the soil of time is shovelled over Sara Ezra We forget all too quickly. The final lines end on a note of tragedy for the poet returns us to the inside of the concentration camp where inside the wire strong men wept. The poet again emphasises the extent, the immensity of this event, when strong men are unable to tolerate this. This return back to the concentration camps also shows the cyclic ature of suffering in Duffys message to the reader, humans inflict suffering unto other humans and then when the events have been forgotten they are repeated. The closing lines of the poem Turn thee/unto me with mercy for I am desolate and lost is a reworking of verse six-teen Psalm twenty five which is a prayer from King David to God in which David places his absolute trust in God. Extending this idea in that the Jews themselves ask the rest of the world to be merciful and this request has not been granted. The poet is an address from woman to woman for men are seen to be the inflictors f the inhumane actions that are the centre of the poem and perhaps she sees the possibility of salvation through women. Yet the poem ends on a sense of desolation and loss for nothing seems to have changed in the world. The holocaust is repeated all over the world constantly and the voices raised in protest do not seem to be heard. Duffys verse is extremely powerful and we wonder why the world does not listen to the lessons of the past for today in the 21st century we constantly read and see of human suffering on a similar if not a greater scale than that of the Holocaust.

Life, Death and Research Papers on Biomedical Image Processing

Life, Death and Research Papers on Biomedical Image Processing Whatever They Told You About Research Papers on Biomedical Image Processing Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why Fish oil is discovered to have the maximum quantity of omega-3. Beyond the many advantages of oil paints, the only real drawback is the simple fact the paint will stay wet for a very long time period. In truth, it is possible to leave oil paints out in the open for a couple days without needing to be worried about the paint drying. Oil paints are a favourite painting medium for an assortment of factors. The New Fuss About Research Papers on Biomedical Image Processing Tripe is a superb supply of digestive enzymes. Biomedical signal processing encompasses the full spectrum of well-being and wellness. Digestive enzymes may also strengthen his immune system and enhance his metabolism. Apart from animal-based, additionally, there are enzyme supplements which are primarily made from microbes and plants. 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You may share info regarding your journey by being genuine and relatable. First off, you are in need of a project that is really going to motivate you to rec eive out of your comfort zone. Most Noticeable Research Papers on Biomedical Image Processing Now, data has come to be the bottleneck of advanced algorithms, and it's inevitable for researchers to create a bigger general purpose dataset. Data Environments have the duty of securing datasets, so they can only be retrieved by appropriate researchers. The broad scope of the journal will assist in contributing a wonderful measure of scientific information associated with the advances in towards better healthcare. Earlier research centered on the evolution of independent component analysis procedures. Stroke ultrasound image and video analysis The intention of the stroke project is to create novel image processing methods that may help assess the danger of stroke events as early as possible. For instance, the model focuses close to the surfboard in the image the moment it predicts the word surfboard. There are many different color models that are utilised to specify a color utili zing a 3D coordinate system. Use a blend of the methods mentioned above to find relevant data from all possible angles. The Secret to Research Papers on Biomedical Image Processing Machine learning here is somewhat different. So, the most important job for machine learning is to discover the ideal balance between doctors and computers. For instance, the area of Machine Learning is huge and versatile in nature. The caliber of the work that you do. Get the Scoop on Research Papers on Biomedical Image Processing Before You're Too Late Keep in mind, outpatient clinics supply the vast majority of healthcare needs in the communities in which they are present, and, as a consequence, there's a community aspect to the degree of treatment. Additional this exceptional section isn't meant to overlap with well-assessed domains like smart cities, vehicular technologies, etc. Contemplating the value of human wellness and lots of emergency medical and clinical issues connected with it, pr ime attention towards biomedical research is of wonderful significance. Many colleges don't have a good research culture and as a consequence, a student interested in academia can suffer.

Bullshitting Your Way Through Your College Application Essay

Bullshitting Your Way Through Your College Application EssayBullshitting your way through your college application essay is an art that most students can develop and hone in time. In fact, if you have a chance to read about some of the best students who are getting accepted by the top colleges in the country, you will see that they are using this skill to make a powerful impression on the admissions officers reviewing their applications. It seems that good essay writers have learned how to use the opportunity presented by the changing tastes and needs of today's student body to craft compelling essays.The old fashioned way of writing a college application essay, which included so many tedious details that many students never bothered to remember, is not what these students are using to get into the top colleges anymore. In fact, some of them are actually using the new essay templates to give them the edge. So the next time you see one of your friends or classmates sharing his or her thoughts about why he or she was not able to get in or get a good job after college, you should ask them how they were able to manipulate the admissions process to get into a prestigious college. The answer is that they learned how to create a powerful essay.The best way to bullshit your way through your college application essay is to get some good tips from the professionals. Find out what schools they recommend, who they recommend and how they apply. Ask these experts if you know of anyone who has gone to their school and got into the school. You may find that they have written a well-written essay for the college committee and this is exactly what you are looking for.Many students and parents hate writing personal essays and they worry that it will take too much time. They dread the idea of their essay appearing in the college directory or in the local newspaper, but if you want to get into the school you need to be prepared. Writing a college application essay is no easy task a nd there are many things you need to learn to do it effectively. First of all, the best way to bullshit your way through the writing of your essay is to use the same structure throughout the essay. That means that each paragraph has a beginning, middle and end and each paragraph has a thesis statement. Many students like to vary the structure in the first paragraphs, but if you want to make your essay very persuasive, try to follow the same structure throughout.Secondly, what you will want to do is to use images and other illustrations to show great things your personal essay is going to tell about you. There are many examples of persuasive essays that show this technique.Thirdly, there are many techniques that you can use to manipulate the admissions officers reviewing your college application essay to believe what you have to say. For example, you can add statements to make yourself seem more intelligent or that you are smart enough to write an essay. Even though you know that no one is actually reading the essay to find out what you have to say, the editors might just feel more comfortable if you made yourself sound smarter than you really are.Finally, when you are writing the essay, be sure to include information that can persuade the admissions officer to think that your essay has special relevance to their school. Add specific information about the skills you are going to use for your admission and include information about any achievements that your mother could write home about if she read your essay.

Calvinos Perspective on the World History

Admittedly, Calvino could choose any setting for a story of a personal rebel. However, his novel is not much of a personal rebel. It is rather a reflection of the history of humanity. Calvino’s choice is far from being accidental. The author chose one of the most significant periods in the history of humanity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Calvino’s Perspective on the World History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This period was marked by really great changes in societies and in people’s minds. Calvino makes his protagonist go up the tree to make him see the world clearly. Basically, Cosimo becomes a man of vision as he can alienate himself from various unimportant things to notice what is really essential. In fact, even the story of Cosimo’s family is a kind of reflection of the world history. The family had specific order. They lived their lives. However, one day â€Å"on the fif teenth of June, 1767† one member of the family decided to break the order (Calvino 3). He could not live the old life, and he chose his own way and he created his own state. The protagonist’s words are very suggestive: â€Å"In fact, all the causes of the French Revolution were present among us too† (Calvino 194). French people decided to change their lives in the end of the eighteenth century as well. Apart from particular parallelism, the author makes his protagonist understand many important things. Cosimo’s views on Napoleon’s wars, revolutions, new orders differ from opinions which ruled at that period of time. Cosimo can see everything more clearly. One of the most interesting ideas revealed in the novel is that â€Å"armies always loot, whatever the ideas they bring† (Calvino 212). Cosimo can see that in many cases all those great events had one vicious aim, i.e. some people wanted to become richer. Interestingly, the specific setting enables Calvino to express his viewpoints on various historical events, but at the same time to avoid preaching which is a characteristic feature of any historical novel where the author evaluates events on the basis of several centuries of human experience. Calvino’s evaluation is made by the participant of events who simply has a clearer vision. Works Cited Calvino, Italo. The Baron in the Trees. New York: Mariner Books, 1977. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Calvino’s Perspective on the World History was written and submitted by user Gravity to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Research Paper on Artificial Intelligence PDF

Research Paper on Artificial Intelligence PDFAs the world opens up new doors to great possibilities, you will find that more people are looking into researching on this topic called 'Artificial Intelligence' (AI). While we could spend all day discussing the various ways in which this form of technology could benefit us, this article will focus more on the research paper on AI PDF for students that are studying these topics.The research paper on AI PDF focuses on one main idea that could help your student become an all around better person. After all, if you consider yourself a great worker then you will definitely want to have a job where you can use your brain more than your body. It might be hard to consider some of the lower paying jobs that can be found in your area; however, this is not the case for everyone.If you are serious about a career in the military then the paper on this topic can help you get the right type of paper. Military jobs are also in demand. Also, if you consi der yourself to be a leader then you could use this paper to help you land a certain job. Lastly, if you consider yourself to be a technical genius then this can work wonders for you.In fact, many people are considering using this research paper because they do not believe that they are quite that smart. Furthermore, they do not believe that they are too creative in the slightest. These people should consider looking into the possibilities with this paper.Another good reason for you to consider this type of paper is that it is more widely accepted. This is because the idea behind this paper is what is often referred to as the Singularity Theory. Many people feel that this is one of the most accurate concepts on the internet.What is meant by this particular idea is that we are on the verge of a future in which our machines become able to think and act like humans. In other words, we are on the verge of the 'singularity'. In order to understand this concept, you should know what the t erm 'singularity' means.The term 'singularity' is from the science fiction movie 'The Matrix'. It is a combination of the word 'supersolidus' and the word 'singularity'. What it basically means is that once the 'super' -matter process gets started, you will find that it causes singularity. Therefore, once this happens, the process of becoming a machine will become permanent.Therefore, when you write your research paper on AI PDF, you will find that there are a lot of reasons why this topic could be so important. If you take some time to look at these concepts, you may find that your career is very interesting. There are a number of things that you can use this paper for, so make sure that you have done your research before you choose a topic.

4 Cs to Improve Your College Essay

4 C's to Improve Your College EssayThe 4 C's are important, but you need a writing cause and effect essay to showcase your abilities. To succeed in your college education, you have to show your ability of creative thinking and logical reasoning. If you want to earn admission to your college, you must be able to impress the admissions committee. The colleges at your college must believe that you have unique qualities, abilities and competencies.You must show the college admissions officer that you are capable of thinking logically and solving problems. You also have to tell them that you have the capability to master college essays. And you will impress them if you provide them with a writing cause and effects essay that are persuasive.Asking the help of writing experts will allow you to create a clear and concise essay. The writing experts can guide you step by step in writing the best essay possible. This article will give you the 4 C's of a persuasive essay:Don't make grammatical e rrors. Avoid using any kind of superfluous words or phrases. Avoid punctuation errors. Avoid using the wrong terms for the same names. Don't use confusing sentence structure.Discuss the implications of your argument to the reader. Make your readers realize the consequences of their actions. Use clear and simple language. Don't make any grammatical errors. Use proper punctuation and proper phrases for the same names.Maintaining a clear and coherent mind is essential while writing a persuasive essay. Writing from head to toe, keep all your ideas in order. Avoid mixing a number of thoughts or ideas in one essay. Use language carefully so that you are not criticized for non-sensical usage.You can choose to get advice or even help from the writer. You can try asking some writing experts to help you along with a good essay. Remember to prepare your essay by preparing your topic first, and giving enough time in writing the essay.

Work and Organization systems

Work and Organization systems The four frames In almost every discipline-embracing leadership, people devote themselves into publishing numerous volumes of articles on leadership theories. Amid the intense amount of work done on leadership theories, a thorough scrutiny of the existing literature surfaces four crucial frames deemed ample for the purposes of cute understanding of the organizational structures and leadership within such organizations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Work and Organization systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"These frames are structural, human resource, political and symbolic frames† (Bolman Deal 2008, p.27). The paper points out three of the priory-identified frames in relation to facilitating successful implementation of a project despite an unsupportive environment presented as a case study 2005-3 by Raymond Young, available at Macquarie graduate school of management. In addition, the benefits and the limitations of taking each frame perspectives in facilitation of implementation of the agency’s IT project receive a thorough treatment. Finally, through consideration of benefits and the limitations of the three frames, the most amicable way of managing processes of change at the agency in future projects implementations will acquire some introspection. In addition, the leadership deemed vital for meeting the challenge of more successful approach to project implementation and change management in the future will receive some glance. Human resource frame Introduction From a human resource perspective, people are the central tools that an organization has in order to achieve its goals and objectives. As a repercussion, the human resource manager endeavors to ensure that he or she responds to the needs coupled with goals of employees as one crucial step toward ensuring that he or she gains the necessary loyalty and commitment of the employees to do the work of an organizat ion. â€Å"This leader empowers people through participation and attempts to gain the resources people need to do the job well but also confronts when deemed appropriate but tries to do so in a supportive environment† (Hersey et al. 2007, p.12). Tech-media is under immense transformation process. The organization desires to put into place a new system that makes it compliant to the Y2K technology. The CEO of the company sees this as an amicable opportunity to raise funds that would see the company listed in the stock exchange.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Senior managers of the company led by the CEO come together to form a steering committee with the chief intention of weighing various options for achieving the realization of successful implementation of the system. The committee agrees on ERP system. The implementation is within time and budget constrai nts. However, there is the need for an ample human resource. Implementation process For the agency, it is evident that the finance staff was totally unmotivated and unwilling to take up their responsibilities. According to the Young (2005), â€Å"most agency staff considered the finance department something of an inconvenience and largely irrelevant to the operational business of the agency† (p. 4). In addition, Young reveals that, the agency had already acquired an international standard for over decades. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, once a need is satisfied, it ceases to be a motivator anymore. Intentions to maintain excellent status in this case was not a motivator any more. Since, workers motivation falls under the human resource sphere de-motivation was a substantial impediment to the success of the implementation of the agency’s IT project. With reference to Bolman and Deal (2008), â€Å"the human resource framework places people first, which is remarkably similar to stewardship or servant leadership where participation in decision making and problem solving are primary components of the model† (p.34). Consequently, decision-making requires hefty inputs of the human resource management to instill the spirit of ‘yes you can’ to those charged with roles in an organization. For the new agency’s finance director, this was largely absent until when the chairperson of the MIS steering committees intervened. Young says, â€Å"the chairman firstly helped by reaffirming his confidence that she had the ability to drive the initiative through† (2005, p.7). This way, the finance director could overcome the criticisms emanating from Mark Black. This perhaps well exemplifies the absence of contributions of the human resource towards maintenance of the workers morale within the agency.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Work and Organization systems specifically for you for onl y $16.05 $11/page Learn More The framework of human resource lie on the foundation that individuals form an organization and that these individuals have different perceptions, have personalized biasness as well as potential and skills which are evidently different for different people. This fact served as a major impediment to the implementation of the agency’s project since some of the workers would forecast success; other would see failure of the project at the end. In addition, unfortunately, the new finance director realized that â€Å"the MIS project failed because no one from senior management had taken the risk of championing the project even though the head of the agency had initiated it himself† (Young 2005, p.7). Consequently, one of the noble functions of the managers was largely absent: leading. Another function of the human resource that was absent was the job design and work management. This responsibility calls for the human resource mana gers to decide on whom to allocate a certain job, and at what time. The new director claims that she â€Å"needed the right people to be under her if the implementation of the project was to bear success in terms of making financial decisions. Inasmuch as direction was required, it is somewhat evident that this agency was at advanced stages in terms of performance in implementing projects. It is thus arguable that every employee of the agency was well acquitted and experienced with his or her duties. Majority of the staff knew much well that delegation was the prime mover of their motivation. This may reveal itself because the new director claims that everybody kept asking her when she was finally going to make the financial decision over the corridors. This decision was essential in order to give permission to proceed. On the other hand, the chairperson had much hope on the agencys human resource especially in terms of achieving their delegated chores. To this ends, he laments tha t the â€Å"MIS did not fail technically but because of lack of sponsorship† (Young 2005, p.6). Support from all stakeholders was vital for the success of the project. Under the human resource frame, individuals get the capacity to learn to defend the existing old attitudes coupled with beliefs about certain ways of doing things.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This fact stands in the IT project implementation by the agency. The agency hired no consultants. The technicians received textbooks to read and thereof decide on what to do. Various staff members also expressed their worries that the project might end up being a horror story of failure. It was evident in some other organization. As it may be deduced from the above discussion, human resource frame is fully dependent on the capacity of the workers to get fully compliant with the objectives of an organization and appreciate that, in as much the organization demands they also need the institution too. One benefit of the human resource frame is that, more yields are obtainable for the employees upon the deployment of the appropriate strategies to ensure work satisfaction and motivation among workers. However, determination of essential motivators relies on the position of the employee needs in the hierarchy of needs as established by Maslow and Herzberg. Since human needs are continuous ly evolving and dynamic in nature, ensuring maintained workers morale and positive altitudes towards work calls for the inculcation of some new tactics to maintain the motivation of a given worker. Unfortunately, not every worker would attain the highest hierarchical level, since not all people can fit in the most top management level in an organization. Consequently, at any instance, there will always be unmotivated workers who might be in excessive need for promotion. Another drawback is that the human resource framework sees people as subjects of manipulation through some ways. However, people are different and have different feelings and emotional attachments. Consequently, opposed to what human resource management theories suggest, what may motivate one worker may not give equally similar effect to another worker. There is the warranty for the assumption that organizations serve human needs. Conclusion Change management is crucial for the evidently volatile and yet dynamic busi ness environments of today. A change of human resource management perspectives consequently stands out inevitable. More precisely, change is a process, which from human resource perspectives entails changing the manner in which people execute their duties, habits and beliefs. In one way or another, this would entangle removing people from their accustomed comfort zones. People are widely reluctant to adopt change. However, taking human resource perspectives implies the need to address such issues. Structural Frame Introduction When one thinks of an organization, perhaps what comes to mind is the pyramidal structure that depicts the hierarchical position of every member of that organization. Adopting a structural framework in the implementation of organization’s projects implies that â€Å"the structural manager tries to design and implement a process or structure that will be appropriate to a problem and circumstances† (Jensen Meckling 1994, p.5). The procedure would include clarification and setting of the overall goals of an organization, taking proactive strategies to ensure that the external environment is well controlled, ensuring the development of transparent structure that is appropriate with respect to the environment and tasks also putting into place the objects of authority. In addition, vital to consider would entail â€Å"focusing on tasks, facts and logic rather than on personality and emotions† (Jensen Meckling 1994, p.7). The structural framework, drawn from sociological considerations, places more emphasis on the need of following formal relationships within an organization. Structures that are created deserve to be consistent with the existing state of technology and the environment. In this frame, it is the responsibility of an organization to â€Å"allocate responsibilities, create rules, policies and management hierarchies to coordinate diverse activities† (Bolman Deal 2008, p.45). More often than not, proble ms arise in case the established structures fail to be coherent with the existing situations. Implementation process In case of the agency, certain roles are placed within a group of peoples: some forming the heads of the departments such as finance and technical among others. The responsibilities for each structural unit strictly lie within that structure so that the policy making process takes a cascaded format. For instance, Young claims, â€Å"most agency staff outside finance department has professional or scientific backgrounds while most of the agency finance staff has clerical backgrounds† (2008, p.1). For effectiveness, all the existing structures’ workers ought to posses some general knowledge concerning what happens in other structures. Why? A problem here is obvious. Some omissions are likely to occur when the users of the output of a given structure are not present during formulation and implementation of a given project level. For instance, considering th e agency’s IT project, it calls for heavy expenditure and commitment of resources. Consequently, subtle budgeting is essential. Supposing some bailing was omitted, and only discovered when some certain allocated funds remains. The result would end up being a frustration to the project since chances are likely that additional costs would be incurred in terms of time and other resources to correct the errors that the agency could have avoided. This was possible if the entire team making the policies sat on a rounds table as opposed to over the window approach. According to Bolman and Deal (2008), in structural frame work, the chief focus is on â€Å"how to find some arrangement-a pattern of formal roles and relationships-that will accommodate organizational needs as well as individual differences† (2008, p.50). However, following this framework in the implementation of the new IT project would end up being problematic to the agency. From experience, some other projects h ad failed tremendously when this approach was used. For instance in case, â€Å"the finance branch (a structure) implemented five separate information systems (AP, AR, GL, inventory, HR), which even though the systems worked, they were not integrated. Significant manual intervention was required to produce the statutory financial reports† (Young 2008, p. 2). This is perhaps well depicts the significance of incorporating knowhow from all structures within an organization. It is fascinating to learn about such failure while the agency had apple IT knowhow. For successful implementation of the agency’s IT project through the entire agency, it calls for a breakdown of such structures to make the policies regarding the project across all departments while borrowing the support and technical knowhow of all members of the organization. However, initially the finance department was reluctant to give an incorporative hand in the IT project. They claimed that they did not like à ¢â‚¬Å"waste of money on financial systems, the track record in finance branch was poor. There was no reason to anticipate the agency would not be the next horror given the dreadful experience of their colleagues in other public agencies† (Young 2008, p.9). Conclusion Adopting a structural approach would pose a problem since it is required that the organization be split up into independent unit. The challenge would be to ensure coherency and coordination between these structures upon splitting them up. Some separate units will have separate responsibilities allocated to them. This constitutes an enormous challenge especially while implementing an IT project since, such projects constitutes a set of activities so interrelated that a bug in one of the activities would truncate itself throughout the entire project with consequences of posing future troubles. Need for standardization of skills is yet another drawback. Human beings are different and talented differently and have dif fering capabilities that aid them in accomplishing certain objectives and tasks. More important is the fact that, â€Å"hierarchy and top-down structures tend to work for ordinary and stable tasks† (Bolman Deal 2008, p.56). In situations of complex environment, it is desirable for the structures to adapt. In case the agency used the structural frame, more emphasis would be placed on varying the structures to respond appropriately to the existing dynamics. It is also evident that for a structural frame, â€Å"few groups have flawless members: the light structure can make optimal use of available resources† (Bolman Deal 2008, p.70). The need to embrace group accountability would also emerge as an important issue. Symbolic Frame Introduction Visions coupled with inspirations forms essential components of a leader deploying the symbolic frame. The frame borrows widely from cultural and social anthropology. It â€Å"treats organizations as tribes, theatre or carnivalsâ⠂¬  (Bolman Deal 2008, p.89). The organizations are characterized by cultures driven by heroes, rituals, myths and policies while not negating authority. Problems typically emerge when â€Å"actors play their parts badly, when symbols lose their meaning and when ceremonies lose their potency† (Bolman Deal 2008, p.99). People normally give more concerns to those organizations, which give them unique identities and make them have a feeling of impeccable significance. According to Bolman and Deal (2008), â€Å"these leaders often rely heavily on organizational traditions and values as the basis for building a common vision and culture that provides cohesiveness and meaning† (p.109). Implementation process In the implementation process of the agency’s IT project, some symbols of failure were imminent. Young remarks that, â€Å"this period ended when Henry and another opponent took a leave and finally left the agency† (2005, p.10). The issues surrounding th e departure of Henry and his colleague, in fact, rendered the implementation of the project delayed by six months. Henry’s perceptions about the IT project to incorporate internal reporting systems rather than not just external reporting systems relied on the need to enhance the existing system rather than making additions, which would result to complication of the project. In this context, symbolic frame was essentially constructed by myths about failure, which prejudiced the intents to try some new ways to better the effectiveness and efficiency of the reporting systems with pragmatism. The weird part of adopting a symbolic approach is that, when people hold and advocate for certain beliefs, they normally have the tendencies to translate them into norms. An ideology that a certain way of executing certain organizational roles cannot work, sparingly without any practical proof, would, thus, serve to undermine development of better systems within an organization. Cultural con texts within work places are enormously valid depending on the number of cultures that are brought together for one single reason: attain the organization’s goals and objectives. Consequently, the central concern that a leader need pay impeccable attention to is the need to consolidate cultures, beliefs and myths and establish some compromise that only takes affiliations that are congruent with the optimistic anticipations of the organization in question. However, this does not mean that criticisms fuelled by symbolic frames should be kept at bay. They are indispensable especially when it comes to evaluation of the other side of the story. Nevertheless, the agency’s IT project implementation was not characterized by symbolic of cultural stigmatizations; something that perhaps resulted to the success of the implementation process despite the project being extensively complex. Conclusion Cultural considerations of the organizations’ workforce calls for some inculc ation of strategies that see the entire workforce recognize the relevance of cultural diversity. These are essential since, more often than not, such people come from different cultures. One way to accomplish this is shunning away from stereotypical racial inclinations that perceive some people as better than others, not based on their talents and cognitive abilities endowments, but rather on their color and bodily appearances among other racial traits. Benefits and limitations of the four frames Introduction The frames presented by Bolman and Deal play vital roles in contributing towards the change of ways in which people look at the manner in which work and organization are supposes to be managed. As discussed in the previous section, the four frames are political, structural, human resource and symbolic frame. This section points out the best possible ways of managing processes change by looking at the necessary leadership for successful implementation of projects in the future. The best Possible ways of managing the processes change As discussed in the previous sections, each frame has its pros and cons. A brilliant manager would, therefore, and according to Bolman and Deal (2008), â€Å"adopt the frame works that will most be appropriate for a given situation† (p.140). The nature of the organizations is characterized by deception, ambiguities, surprises and incredible complexity. Multiple frames can promote versatility with repercussion of improvement of understanding about a situation facing a manager. Bolman and Deal are for the opinion that â€Å"Multiple frames enable us to reframe-to view the same thing from multiple perspectives† (2008, p.157). This way the erroneous indulgences of the managers in narrow thinking would dwindle. Additionally, this would serve to the advantage of work and organizational systems. Organizations established within a society fragments them into discrete structures possessing some symbols that identify and th oroughly distinguish them from all other structures. Furthermore, such structures are mostly for individuals who have certain perceptions, feelings and prejudices. This makes it vital for such future agencies to incorporate the strategies of human resources. On a different account, organizations subject themselves to political influences especially when formulating certain policies (Frost 1986, p.29). Consequently, future agencies call upon managers who are part of the projects implementation committees to consider political frames in an endeavor to ensure that neutral positions are established among all stakeholders. In fact, it is impossible to align all stakeholders of any IT implementation project to the goal of an organization if they embrace differing political opinions especially bearing in mind how information technology project involves incredible investments in terms of technological knowhow amid large commitments of organization’s funds. It is pertinent to note als o that political frames embrace arriving at decisions through bargaining, jockeying and negotiations emanating from contributions of different coalition parties forming the entire decision making arm of an organization. Inasmuch as political frame consideration is paramount, arriving at decisions may take quite a long time following the need to provide political views agreement, failure to which they would form subtle catalysts for coercion (University of Melbourne 2003, Para. 3). Consequently, multiple frames stand out as the way out for the future IT project implementations. If future projects are to be implemented with excellence, â€Å"it requires whole some redefinition, perhaps, excellent firm do not believe in excellence- only in constant improvement and constant change† (Frost 1986, p.4). Such excellence may not be achieved through consideration of only a single frame when approaching the nightmare of future project implementations. Implementing changes demands commit ment of energy in an attempt to learn new approaches in development of new skills and capacities to handle emerging challenges. Therefore, future management requires managers who approach organizational challenges from multi-frames approach. Necessary leadership for successful implementations of projects With complexities in technological sophistication, it is anticipated that implementation of future projects would pose many management and leadership challenges. One radical shift that is vital is looking at leadership out of the old contexts. Leadership is not synonymous â€Å"to power also, it is a distinct form authority† (Bolman Deal 2008, p.167). Leadership also differs from the traditional managerial roles in that requires a leader to look beyond the existing personal jurisdictions thinking from a long-term dimension. The leader must possess political skills coupled with an incredible emphasis on renewal, acting as vision carrier of an organization. According to Frost (1986), â€Å"leaders are expected to persuade and inspire, not coerce† (p.78). The future leaders deserve to appreciate that their noble roles in organizations entail making policies vital for future prosperity of an organization. However, they should be flexible enough to allow policies shape them. They are not enforcers. Leaders, who will be at a position to lead and foster successful implementation of projects, will have to embrace high qualities of leadership. One of such qualities is characterized by visions and focus of the organizations future positions in terms of short term and long terms goals and objectives realization. To certify this requirement, leaders predominantly deserve to establish their standards of performance, set clear and precise directions, and seek the guidance of both practical and abstract images of the future position of the organization (Bolman Deal 2008, p.167). Deep emotional attachment and commitment to work toward the people who are charge d with doing the organizations work goes a long way in portraying the leaders passion to work and organizations functions. Other qualities of exemplary leaders include â€Å"technical competency, perceptive, holistic thinking, well endowed with communication skills and intuitive about undercurrents of mood or changes† (Hersey et al. 2007, p.93). These qualities arguably are consistent with calls for future leaders to incorporate multi-frames perspectives. With reference to Hersey et al. (2007), it is impossible that â€Å"managers will provide the necessary support to match the new demands they are making of their employees and employees are expected to emerge from the womb running without any visible means of support† (p.105). Bolman and Deal criticize the traditional approaches of leadership claiming that leaders operate and execute their responsibilities in an organization as if there is only one frame. The emphasis here is that, for successful implementation of fut ure projects, the leaders need to establish foundations that would ensure coherency in the way the stakeholders involve themselves in the implementation process.   They also need to know how they perceive and attach their anticipations to the entire project. A competitive leader needs to possess the ability to make the workforce and the heads of various organizational structures see the endeavors of an organization to implement projects that would translate to increased effectiveness of the organization from a positive dimension: enthusiasm for success despite failures of past attempts in other sectors. Such leaders appreciate the need to learn from such failures and use it to bench mark their organization projects implementation. This way replication of errors committed by other institutions may be avoided. All they need to do is to convince their workers that they can do things in a different way and succeed. Conclusion Making organizational decisions on implementation of vital projects that see an organization change its ways of operation and handling of work, calls for bold leaders. These leaders not only deserve to look at all issues entangling the implementation of projects from political, structural, symbolic and human resource frames collectively but also posses high qualities of leadership. The future leaders, who will perhaps handle intricate projects in future, are called to have high integrity and open-mindedness that prompts them to be open to logic and reason. This measure has the capacity to make them accommodate varying views of the people he or she leads irrespective of whether such views are instigated by political perspective, symbolism, structural frames or even human resource concerns. The success of implementation of projects squarely lies on the manager’s ability to consolidate and practice his or her roles: leading, controlling and monitoring, effectively. As discussed in the paper, adopting a specific frame while making essent ial projects implementation decisions exposes a manager to some situations, which curtails his or her efforts to look at the situation from varying latitudes and dimensions. Consequently, the paper advocates for a multi-frame approach while making management decisions especially by noting that people have different motivators, political affiliations and come from multiethnic society. In this perspective, organizational leadership has been discussed in the paper as complex, unpredictable and deceptive responsibility. References Bolman, L., Deal, T., 2008. Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice and Leadership. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Frost, J., 1986. Power, Politics, and Influence: In L. W. Porter and others (eds.): The  Handbook of Organizational Communication. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Hersey, P., Blanchard, K., Johnson, E., 2007. The Management of Organizational  Behavior. Upper saddle river, NJ: Prentice Hall. Jensen, C., Meckling, W., 1994. The Nature of Man. Journal of Applied Corporate  Finance, 7 (2), pp. 4-19. University of Melbourne., 2003. Managing the Educational Organization. Available at: http/: www. University of Melbourne. Young, R., 2005. Against the odds: how an executive project sponsor influenced a project to succeed despite unsupportive environment; MGSM case study 2005-3. Macquarie Graduate School of Management, 1(1), pp. 1-19.